CHAPTER 1: IMAGES, POWER, AND POLITICS Representation The Myth of Photographic Truth Images and Ideology How We Negotiate the Meaning of Images The Value of Images Image Icons CHAPTER 2: VIEWERS MAKE MEANING Producers' Intended Meanings Aesthetics and Taste Collecting, Display, and Institutional Critique Reading Images as Ideological Subjects Encoding and Decoding Reception and the Audience Appropriation and Cultural Production Re-appropriation and Counter-Bricolage CHAPTER 3: MODERNITY: SPECTATORSHIP, POWER, AND KNOWLEDGE The Subject in Modernity Spectatorship Discourse and Power The Gaze and the Other The Gaze in Psychoanalysis Gender and the Gaze Changing Concepts of the Gaze CHAPTER 4: REALISM AND PERSPECTIVE: FROM RENAISSANCE PAINTING TO DIGITAL MEDIA Visual Codes and Historical Meaning Questions of Realism The History of Perspective Perspective and the Body The Camera Obscura Challenges to Perspective Perspective in Digital Media CHAPTER 5: VISUAL TECHNOLOGIES, IMAGE REPRODUCTION, AND THE COPY Visual Technologies Motion and Sequence Image Reproduction: The Copy Walter Benjamin and Mechanical Reproduction The Politics of Reproducibility Copies, Ownership, and Copyright Reproduction and the Digital Image CHAPTER 6: MEDIA IN EVERYDAY LIFE The Masses and Mass Media Media Forms Broadcast, Narrowcast, and Webcast Media The History of Mass Media Critiques Media and Democratic Potential Media and the Public Sphere National and Global Media Events Contemporary Media and Image Flows CHAPTER 7: ADVERTISING, CONSUMER CULTURES, AND DESIRE Consumer Societies Envy, Desire, and Belonging Commodity Culture and Commodity Fetishism Brands and Their Meanings The Marketing of Coolness Anti-ads and Culture Jamming CHAPTER 8: POSTMODERNISM, INDIE MEDIA, AND POPULAR CULTURE Postmodernism and its Visual Cultures Addressing the Postmodern Subject Reflexivity and Postmodern Identity Pastiche, Parody, and the Remake Indie Media and Postmodern Approaches to the Market Postmodern Space, Geography, and the Built Environment CHAPTER 9: SCIENTIFIC LOOKING, LOOKING AT SCIENCE The Theater of Science Images as Evidence: Cataloguing the Body Imaging the Body's Interior: Biomedical Personhood Vision and Truth Imaging Genetics The Digital Body Visualizing Pharmaceuticals CHAPTER 10: THE GLOBAL FLOW OF VISUAL CULTURE The Global Subject and the Global Gaze Cultural Imperialism Global Branding Concepts of Globalization Visuality and Global Media Flow Indigenous and Diasporic Media Borders and Franchises: Art and the Global Glossary Acknowledgments Illustration.