Professor of History and African American-Studies, University of Illinois, Chicago; author, Black Protest and the Great Migration: A Brief History with Documents (Bedford, 2002) and Brotherhoods of Color: Black Railroad Workers and the Struggle for Equality (Harvard, 2001); editor, The Black Worker: Race, Labor, and Civil Rights since Emancipation (Illinois, 2007); general editor, The Encyclopedia of U.S. Labor and Working Class History, 3 vols. (Routledge, 2006).