Foreword Preface PART ONE Introduction: The Great American Protest Origins of the Great Migration Wartime Opportunities in the North The Promised Land? Wartime Black Leaders, the New Negro, and Grassroots Politics Racial Violence and the Postwar Reaction to Black Activism Consequences of the Migration PART TWO The Documents 1. The Great Migration Begins Why They Left: Conditions in the South W. E. B. Du Bois, The Migration of Negroes, June 1917 Mary DeBardeleben, The Negro Exodus: A Southern Woman''s View, March 18, 1917 Charles S. Johnson, How Much Is the Migration a Flight from Persecution? September 1923 White Southerners Respond to the Migration McDowell Times, 1100 Negroes Desert Savannah, Georgia, August 11, 1916 New Orleans Times-Picayune, Luring Labor North, August 22, 1916 Southern Blacks'' Warnings about Migration J. A. Martin, Negroes Urged to Remain in South, November 25, 1916 Percy H.
Stone, Negro Migration, August 1, 1917 Letters from Migrants Documents: Letters of Negro Migrants, 1916-1918 64 2. The Promised Land? The Truth about the North Chicago Commission on Race Relations, The Arrival in Chicago, 1922 Southwestern Christian Advocate, Read This Before You Move North, April 5, 1917 Dwight Thompson Farnham, Negroes a Source of Industrial Labor, August 1918 The East St. Louis Riot 78 New Orleans Times-Picayune, The Negro in the North, June 4, 1917Crisis, The Massacre of East St. Louis, September 1917Chicago Defender, Thousands March in Silent Protest, August 4, 1917 3. The Evolution of Black Politics Patriotism and Military Service The Reverend J. Edward Pryor, The Patriotism of the Negro, May 4, 1917 W. E. B.
Du Bois, Close Ranks, July 1918 The New Republic, Negro Conscription, October 20, 1917 Leon A. Smith, Protest to Boston Herald, April 20, 1918 Martha Gruening, Houston: An NAACP Investigation, November 1917 Savannah Tribune, Racial Clashes, July 26, 1919 The Emergence of the New Negro during and after the War Cleveland Gazette, League Asks Full Manhood Rights, May 19, 1917 Crisis, The Heart of the South, May 1917 Mary White Ovington, Reconstruction and the Negro, February 1919 The Messenger, Migration and Political Power, July 1918 Marcus Garvey, What We Believe, January 1, 1924, and The Principles of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, November 25, 1922 The Messenger, New Leadership for the Negro, May -June 1919 The Messenger, If We Must Die, September 1919 Geroid Robinson, The New Negro, June 2, 1920 Black Women, Protest, and the Suffrage Colored Federated Clubs of Augusta, Letter to President Woodrow Wilson, May 29, 1918 New York Age, Campaign for Women Nearing Its Close, November 1, 1917 Savannah Morning News, Negro Women Seek Permission to Vote, November 3, 1920 126 4. Black Workers and the Wartime Home Front Black Men and the Labor Question Crisis, Trades Unions, March 1918 United Mine Workers Journal, From Alabama: Colored Miners Anxious for Organization, June 1, 1916 Raymond Swing, The Birmingham Case, 1918 New Orleans Times-Picayune, Negro Organizer Tarred, June 14, 1918 Birmingham Ledger, Negro Strikers Return to Work, October 3, 1918 Black Women and the War Houston Labor Journal, Colored Women of Houston Organize, May 6, 1916 Tampa Morning Tribune, Negro Washerwomen to Have Union Wage Scale, October 10, 1918 Mobile Register, Workers Strike in Laundries to Get Higher Pay, April 23, 1918 Mobile News-Item, Negro Women Are Under Arrest in Laundry Strike, April 25, 1918 Tampa Morning Tribune, Negro Women Living in Idleness Must Go to Work or to Jail, October 17, 1918 Savannah Tribune, Negroes to Demand Work at Charleston Navy Yard, May 19, 1917 5. Opportunities and Obstacles in the Postwar Era An Uncertain Future James W. Johnson, Views and Reviews: Now Comes the Test, November 23, 1918 Forrester B. Washington, Reconstruction and the Colored Woman, January 1919 George E. Haynes, William B. Wilson, and Sidney J.
Catts, Letters from the U.S. Department of Labor Case Files, 1919 Mary White Ovington, Bogalusa, January 1920 Chicago Whip, Colored Labor Delegation Demands Rights in Alabama, February 28, 1920 George Schuyler, Negroes in the Unions, August 1925 1919 Riots Washington Bee, The Rights of the Black Man, August 2, 1919 Jackson (Mississippi) Daily News, Race Riots in Chicago, July 28, 1919 Graham Taylor, Chicago in the Nation''s Race Strife, August 9, 1919 The Elaine Massacre Newport News Times-Herald, Slowly Restore Order Today in Riot Districts, October 3, 1919 Walter F. White, The Race Conflict in Arkansas, December 13, 1919 Pittsburgh Courier, How the Arkansas Peons Were Freed, July 28, 1923 6. Postwar Migration Heading South? or Coming North? Jackson (Mississippi) Daily News, Chi Negroes Ask to Return to Mississippi, August 1, 1919 Tampa Morning Tribune, Negroes Who Come to South Are Better Off, August 24, 1919, and Find the Southern Negro Prosperous, October 5, 1919 T. Arnold Hill, Why Southern Negroes Don''t Go South, November 29, 1919 Buffalo American, Mighty Exodus Continues; Cause Not Economic, July 22, 1920 Building a New Life in the North Charles S. Johnson, These Colored United States, December 1923 George E. Haynes, Negro Migration: Its Effect on Family and Community Life in the North, October 1924 and the Harlem Renaissance Alain Locke, The New Negro, 1925 APPENDIXES Chronology of Events Related to the Great Migration (1865-1925) Questions for Consideration Selected Bibliography Index.