List of Illustrations Acknowledgments "L'Envoi of Moving Pictures," Motion Picture Story Magazine (June 1912) Introduction "Signs of the Times," Motion Picture Story Magazine (February 1912) Chapter 1: American Variety and/or Foreign Features: The Throes of Film Distribution Document: "The Backbone of the Business," Motography (20 September 1913) "The Power of a Nickel," Motion Picture Story Magazine (March 1912) Entr'acte 1: Mapping the Local Terrain of Exhibition Document: "Moving Pictures and Their Audiences," Moving Picture News (16 September 1911) "My Picture Girl," Motion Picture Story Magazine (June 1912) Chapter 2: The "Usable Past" of Westerns: Cowboy, Cowboy Girl, and Indian Pictures, Part 1 Document: "The 'Bison-101' Headliners," Moving Picture World (27 April 1912) "Bein' Usher in a Motion Picture Show," Motion Picture Story Magazine (June 1912) Entr'acte 2: Moviegoing Habits and Everyday Life Document: "Some Picture Show Audiences," Outlook (24 June 1911) "The Motion Picture Cowboy," Motion Picture Story Magazine (August 1912) Chapter 3:The "Usable Past" of Westerns: Cowboy, Cowboy Girl, and Indian Pictures, Part 2 Document: "Latest Snapshots Local and Worldwide," Cleveland Leader (2 March 1913) "In a Minor Chord," Moving Picture News (25 November 1911) Entr'acte 3: A "Forgotten" Part of the Program: Illustrated Songs Document: "Unique Effects in Song Slides," Film Index (6 May 1911) "A Dixie Mother," Motion Picture Story Magazine (July 1911) Chapter 4: The "Usable Past" of Civil War Films: The Years of the "Golden Jubilee" Document: "Sundered Ties," Moving Picture World (14 September 1912) Document: "Feature Films: The Battle of Gettysburg," New York Dramatic Mirror (11 June 1913) "He's Seen a Lot," New York Morning Telegraph (8 September 1912) Entr'acte 4: Another "Forgotten" Part of the Program: Nonfiction Document: "Reviews of Special Feature Subjects," New York Dramatic Mirror (24 April 1912) "The Maid of the Movies," New York Morning Telegraph (14 December 1913) Chapter 5: The "Usable Present" of Thrillers: From the Jungle to the City Document: "Advertising and Criticising," Moving Picture World (23 November 1912) "The Photoplayers," Photoplay Magazine (July 1913) Entr'acte 5: Trash Twins: Newspapers and Moving Pictures Document: "Moving Picture Sections," Motography (5 April 1913) "The M.P. Girl," New York Dramatic Mirror (12 June 1912) Chapter 6:"The Power of Personality in Pictures": Movie Stars and "Matinee Girls" Document: "Personality a Force in Pictures," New York Dramatic Mirror (15 January 1913) Document: "{hrs}'Miss Billie Unafraid'--Torn by a Tiger but Nervy as Ever to Act the Most Daring Things Ever Seen on the Stage!--Heroine of Movies," Des Moines News (17 November 1912) Document: "Sees the Movies as Great, New Field for Women Folk," Toledo News-Bee (30 March 1914) Notes Bibliography Index.