Africa's health systems stand at a defining crossroads. Mobile phone penetration exceeds 85%, open-source platforms such as DHIS2 span more than 45 countries, and telemedicine adoption surged fourfold in the wake of COVID-19. Yet two-thirds of health facilities lack reliable electricity, fewer than a third have Internet access, and a workforce deficit of more than 50,000 health informatics professionals threatens to stall progress before it takes hold. Digital Transformation of the Health Sector in Africa presents a comprehensive, evidence-based framework for turning this potential into lasting change. At its core is an original Digital Health Technology Stack model comprising five foundational layers - infrastructure, digital identity, interoperability, data and analytics, and applications - supported by seven cross-cutting enablers, including governance, workforce development, financing, and regional cooperation. Drawing on a systematic literature review, case studies from across Africa and the Global South, and global benchmarks from India, Brazil, Estonia, and the EU, the book demonstrates that the enabling environment - not the technology - typically determines whether digital health investments succeed or fail. The book confronts hard realities head-on: a $15-25 billion investment gap over the next decade, donor dependence that leaves 70-80% of digital health initiatives vulnerable to external disruption, and equity fault lines across geography, gender, and income that risk creating two-tier health systems. It examines emerging technologies, from AI diagnostics to edge computing, and assesses each against Africa's infrastructure constraints and sovereignty imperatives.

Offering policymakers, practitioners, and researchers a phased implementation roadmap - from quick wins to system-wide transformation - this volume argues that Africa has the political momentum, technical tools, and innovator talent to achieve digital health transformation. What is needed now is disciplined execution, coordinated investment, and an uncompromising commitment to ensuring no one is left behind.