Tables and Figures Abbreviations Preface 1. Law and the California Schooling System What Constitutes School Law? Constitutional Law Statutory Law Administrative Law Contract Law Judicial Law The California Schooling Structure Parent Rights and Responsibilities Choosing a Private School Homeschooling Rights Within Public Schools Expanding Parent Choice California Charter Schools Starting a Charter School Operating a Charter School Constitutionality of Charter Schools California Private Schools Voucher Programs Summary 2. Attendance, Safety, Instruction, and Assessment Attendance The Compulsory Attendance Law Attendance Records Exemptions from Attendance Absences and Truancy Safety Maintaining a Safe and Healthy Learning Environment Curriculum and Instruction Curriculum Content Standards Curriculum Censorship Classroom Instruction Class Size Reduction Educating Targeted Groups Teacher Preparation and Evaluation Copyright Law The Internet Controlling Access to Inappropriate Material Privacy and the Internet Distance Learning and New Internet Privacy Rights Laws Artificial Intelligence Assessment and Accountability The Influence of the No Child Left Behind Act Summary 3. Equity, Adequacy, and School Finance Does Money Matter? The Quest for Equity Foundation Funding Litigation State Court: Serrano v. Priest I (1971) Federal Court: San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez (1973) State Court: Serrano v. Priest II (1976) Proposition Changes to the California School Finance System Revenue Limit Funding Categorical Aid Local Control Funding Formula Local Control and Accountability Plans Federal Funds Student Fees Other Sources of School Revenue Facilities Funding Funding Charter Schools The Block Grant System, LCFF, and LCAP The Special Case of Nonclassroom-Based Charters Facilities The Movement Toward Adequacy Summary 4. Unions and Collective Bargaining The Three Stages of Collective Bargaining Unionization Stage Contract Negotiation Stage Contract Administration Stage Collective Bargaining Under the Educational Employment Relations Act The Role of the Public Employment Relations Board Covered Employees and Schools Deciding on the Appropriate Bargaining Unit and Choosing a Representative Scope of Bargaining Contract Negotiation Contract Administration The Grievance and Arbitration System The Role of the Arbitrator Unfair Labor Disputes Organizational Security Arrangements Future Challenges Summary 5.

Employment Classifications and Categories of Public School Employees Property Rights in Employment Certificated Employees Credentials Classifications Substitute Temporary Probationary Permanent Evaluation and Reassignment Discipline of Probationary and Permanent Employees Non-Reelection and Dismissal of Probationary Teachers Dismissal of Permanent Teachers Immoral or Unprofessional Conduct Unsatisfactory Performance Evident Unfitness for Service Persistent Violation of or Refusal to Obey School Laws The Dismissal Hearing Process Layoff Classified Employees Categories Evaluation and Discipline Dismissal and Layoff Merit System School Districts Administrators The Personnel File Public School Employee Leave Rights Federal and State Antidiscrimination Laws Title VII Americans with Disabilities Act and Section Fair Employment and Housing Act Summary 6. Rights of Expression Educator Expression Rights Speaking Out on Matters of Public Concern Mt. Healthy Test Complaints About Working Conditions Expression Through School Channels Use of Electronic Communication Devices Educator Association Rights Whistleblowing Student Expression Rights Face-to-Face Communicatio Expression Targeting Protected Identities Expression Through Electronic Communication Devices School Regulation of Off-Campus Speech Expression Through School Channels Student Dress, Grooming, and Uniforms Right of Association Expression Rights in the Classroom Teacher Academic Freedom Student Classroom Expression Summary 7. The School and Religion Federal and California Constitutional Law No Government Establishment of Religion Protection for Free Exercise of Religio Manifestations of Religion on Campus The Pledge of Allegiance School Prayer School-Sponsored or Endorsed Public Prayer Private Prayer and Religious Exercise Religion in the Classroom Teaching about Religion Student Religious Papers and Presentations Holiday Observances and Religious Music Graduation Prayer and Religious Speeches Access of Religious Groups to Campus Student Religious Groups and the Equal Access Act Community Use Policies Religiously Based Exemptions Transgender Students, Public Schools, and Religion Aid to Religious Private Schools Direct Aid Programs Indirect Aid Programs Through Vouchers and Tax Credits Summary 8. Students with Disabilities Special Education Law A Brief History Sources of Special Education Law The Language of Special Education Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) Procedural Component Substantive Component FAPE and the Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) Child Find, Referral, Assessment, and Eligibility Child Find and Referral for Initial Assessment Initial Assessment Eligibility Independent Educational Evaluation (IEE) and Reevaluation The IEP Process IEP Team Meetings IEP Contents Special Education and Related Services Extended School Year (ESY Behavior-Related Assessments and Plans Mental Health Services Placement Transition Plans, the Age of Majority, Exiting Special Education, and Revocation of Consent Transition Planning and Age of Majority Exiting Special Education Private School Students and IDEA Due Process Hearings Stay-Put During Hearing Due Process Rights Due Process Remedies Compensatory Education Reimbursement for Educational Expenses Attorneys'' Fees Section 504 and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Summary 9. Student Discipline The Importance of Student Discipline Rules California''s Legal Framework for Student Discipline Who Can Discipline Due Process of Law Types of Discipline Discipline Short of Suspension Suspension Expulsion Mandatory Recommendation for Expulsion Mandatory Recommendation for Expulsion Unless Inappropriate Discretionary Expulsion Discipline for an Act Not on School Grounds Involuntary Transfer Dismissal from a Charter School The Expulsion Process Recommendation for Expulsion The Expulsion Hearing Final Determination by the Governing Board Postexpulsion Educational Programming Readmission Following Expulsion Appeal of an Expulsion Order Discipline and Special Education Different Types of Disciplinary Removals Short-Term Removals Long-Term Removals Interim Alternative Educational Settings and a Honig Injunction Students Not Yet Identified as Special Education Students Summary 10. Public Access, Privacy, and Student Search and Seizure Public Access Open Meetings Under the Brown Act Key Provisions Defining Open Meetings Exceptions to Open Meetings Enforcement The Public Records Act Personal Privacy Employee Lifestyle Student Lifestyle Student Records and Surveys Student Records Student Surveys Student Search and Seizure Student Searches Standards Individual Searches Group Searches Student Seizures Summary 11. Race and Gender Discrimination Racial Discrimination Racial Discrimination Under Federal Law Racial Discrimination Under California Law Historical Perspective Remedying Racial Isolation Regardless of Cause Limits on Busing Limits on Affirmative Action and Racial Balancing Finding Other Means of Fostering Diversity Gender Discrimination Constitutional Dimensions Title IX and Its Regulations California''s Sex Equity in Education Act Racial and Gender Harassment Racial Harassment Under Title VI Sexual Harassment and Abuse Under Title IX Sexual Harassment and Abuse Under the California Education Code California Unruh Civil Rights Act Summary 12.

Legal Liability Liability Under California Law California Tort Claims Act Injury to Students on Campus Liability when School Employees Act Outside the Scope of Their Employment Injury to Student Athletes and Cheerleaders Is There Liability When Students Don''t Learn? Injury to Students off Campus Injury to Nonstudents Dangerous Condition of School Property Waivers of Li.