List of Figures Preface Acknowledgements Notes on Transliteration 1. Introduction Confronting Fascism in the Arabic Jewish Press Historical debates on Fascism in the Middle East The Arabic Jewish press and the national paradigm An entangled history of Jewish intellectual confrontations with Fascism 2. Middle Eastern Jewish Intellectuals in the Age of Reform Jews, Arabization, and the nahda in the Middle East 'A Jewish nahda' in Cairo: al-Shams , 1934-1948 The Jewish world viewed from Beirut: al-?Alam al-Isra?ili , 1921-1948 3. The Idea of a Semitic Brotherhood Semitism in opposition to antisemitism A response to Renan: Israel Wolfensohn and the Semitic languages A shared Semitic past: histories of Jews and Arabs on the Arabian Peninsula The Semites and colonial archeology in Egypt 4. The Jewish Contribution to Civilization Discourse Civilization and culture in the nahda debates From German culture to Nazi barbarism The idea of Jewish genius in response to Nazi antisemitism Cecil Roth's The Jewish Contribution to Civilization in Arabic Arab and Jewish transmissions of civilization 5. Viewing Fascism through the Lens of Religion and Sectarianism Religion and sectarianism in debates on Fascism in the Middle East Between anti-Judaism, antisemitism and anti-religious prejudice Fascism and Nazism in relation to colonial sectarianism The impossibilities of brotherhood: Arab-Jewish relations in the post-war period 6. Conclusion Bibliography Index.