California’s public schools, once considered to be among the nation’s best, are now being questioned as to their condition, performance, and ability to meet the needs of the state’s diverse student population. This report describes the condition and performance of California’s K–12 pubic schools. It describes the schools’ student population, the resources provided to the schools (finances, teachers, and facilities), and the schools’ outcomes. In looking at the outcomes, it first focuses on student academic achievement, as measured by standardized tests, and then turns to outcomes that schools may influence and that are inadequately captured in test scores. These include both educational attainment measures (high school graduation and continuation on to college) and nonacademic measures (teenage pregnancy, substance abuse, and delinquency). The report analyzes trends within the state and compares California to other states and to the nation as a whole.