Section 1: Introduction Overview & Terminology Clarified Cytokines and The Success/Failure of Pregnancy Section 2: Genetic Causes Overview of Genetic Causes Single Gene Disorders & Telomeric Deletions Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGD/PGS) - An Evidence Based Update Male Factors Sperm DNA Fragmentation Index Section 3: Endometrial Causes Endometrial Factors Endometrial Receptivity Array - ERA Section 4: Systemic Causes APL Syndrome Autoimmune Disorders Hyperhomocysteinemia Inherited Thrombophilia Endocrinal Causes PCOS Poor Oocyte Quality - Ovarian Aging Section 5: Anatomical Causes Anatomical Factors Endometriosis Adenomyosis Intrauterine Adhesions Cervical Cerclage - Benefits & Controversies Role of Endoscopy Section 6: Infections Latent Genital TB & Subclinical Endometritis Treatment of Female Genital Tuberculosis Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Chlamydia, Syphilis & HIV Bacterial Vaginosis Natural Killer Cells Section 7: Miscellaneous Obesity Late Pregnancy Loss Immune & Non-immune Fetal Hydrops Recurrent Molar Pregnancies Recurrent Implantation Failures & Biochemical Pregnancies Psychoneuroimmunology - Role of Stress Section 8: Management Options Role of Progesterone Role of Dydrogesterone Role of GCSF Role of IVF Role of Lymphocyte Immunotherapy Oxidative Stress & Role of Antioxidants & Micronutrients Role of Tender Loving Care Management of Patients with Multiple Treatment Failures Howard Carp Section 9: Role of Ultrasound Scanning the Non-pregnant Patient Early Pregnancy and Reassurance Scans Section 10: Failed Pregnancy Role of Embryoscopy, Fetal Karyotyping & Placental Biopsy Surgical Versus Medical Evacuation Grief Counselling in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Medicolegal Implications Appendices Appendix 1. Role of DHEAS Appendix 2. Role of Uterine Stem Cells Appendix 3. Role of Thromboelastography Appendix 4. Diagnostic Tests for Autoimmunity and Alloimmunity Appendix 5. Algorithm on Clinical Management.