Preface xv Acknowledgements xvii List of Contributors xix 1 Introduction to Nanofluids 1 K. Manjula 1.1 General Introduction to Nanofluid 2 1.2 Origin of Nanofluids 2 1.3 Principles of Nanofluids 3 1.4 Synthesis of Nanofluids 8 1.4.1 Heat Transfer Performance of Nanofluid 11 1.

5 Properties of Nanofluids 16 1.5.1 Optical Qualities of Nanofluids 17 1.5.2 Thermal Properties of Nanofluids 20 1.5.3 Nanofluid Medical Approaches 25 1.6 Applications of Nanofluids 26 1.

7 Conclusions 27 References 28 2 Nanofluid Technology: Fundamentals, Properties, and Engineering Applications 31 Ankur Kumar Sarma, Dipak Sarma and Sunmoni Mudoi 2.1 Overview 31 2.2 Methods of Preparation of Nanofluid 33 2.3 Classification of Nanofluids 34 2.3.1 Based on Types of Nanoparticles 34 2.3.2 Based on Base Fluids 36 2.

3.3 Based on One-Phase and Two-Phase Models 37 2.3.4 Based on Nanoparticle Shape 37 2.3.5 Based on Dispersion Stability 38 2.3.6 Based on Functionalization or Cooling 38 2.

4 Methods of Stabilization of Nanofluid 39 2.5 Properties of Nanofluids 40 2.6 Applications of Nanofluids 42 2.7 Advantages of Nanofluids 43 2.8 Disadvantages of Nanofluids 44 2.9 Future Outlook 45 2.10 Conclusion 46 References 46 3 Fundamentals of Heat Transfer 49 Abhijit Pattnayak and Krishna Priyadarshini Das 3.1 Introduction 49 3.

2 Primary Modes of Heat Transfer 51 3.2.1 Conduction 51 3.2.1.1 Heat Conduction through a Composite Wall 53 3.2.2 Convection 54 3.

2.3 Generalized Heat Transfer Equation 55 3.2.4 Radiation 56 3.2.4.1 Black Body and Related Terms 57 3.2.

5 Heat Transfer in Nanofluids 57 3.2.6 Case Studies in Recent Years 60 3.2.7 Challenges in Nanofluids 62 3.3 Summary 64 References 64 4 Thermophysical Properties of Nanofluid 67 Atul Bhattad and Mohamed M. Awad Nomenclature 67 Abbreviations 68 Greek Letters 68 Subscripts 69 4.1 Introduction 69 4.

2 Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluid 69 4.2.1 Thermal Conductivity Measurement Device 70 4.2.2 Thermal Conductivity Correlations 70 4.3 Viscosity of Nanofluid 73 4.3.1 Viscosity Measurement Device 73 4.

3.2 Viscosity Correlations 74 4.4 Density of Nanofluid 76 4.4.1 Density Measurement Device 77 4.4.2 Density Correlations 78 4.5 Specific Heat of Nanofluid 78 4.

5.1 Specific Heat Measurement Device 79 4.5.2 Specific Heat Correlations 79 4.6 Important Findings with Explanations 79 4.7 Applications, Benefits, and Drawbacks 83 4.8 Highlights 85 References 85 5 Preparation and Stability of Nanofluids 89 Atul Bhattad and Mohamed M. Awad Nomenclature 89 Abbreviation 90 Greek Letter 90 Subscripts 90 5.

1 Introduction 91 5.2 Nanofluid Preparation 91 5.3 Nanofluid Characterization 95 5.4 Nanofluid Stability 95 5.5 Important Findings 96 5.6 Highlights 101 References 102 6 Thermophysical Characteristics and Analysis of Nanofluids 107 R. Gangadevi and S. Senthil Raja Nomenclature 108 Subscript 108 6.

1 Introduction 108 6.2 Bibliometric Analysis 111 6.3 Nanofluid Thermal Conductivity 113 6.3.1 Steady-State Thermal Conductivity Measurement Technique 114 6.3.1.1 Guarded Hot Plate Method 114 6.

3.1.2 Merits of GHP Method 116 6.3.1.3 Demerits of GHP Method 116 6.3.2 Transient Thermal Conductivity Measurement Technique 116 6.

3.2.1 Transient Hot Wire Method 116 6.3.3 Numerical Models of Thermal Conductivity Analysis 119 6.4 Nanofluid Viscosity Measurement 120 6.4.1 Numerical Models for Viscosity Analysis 124 6.

5 Specific Heat Capacity 124 6.6 Conclusions 127 References 128 7 Advanced Nanofluids for Efficient Electronics Cooling 133 Rashi Bhargava, Ankit Agrawal and Kanchan Bhardwaj 7.1 Introduction 134 7.2 Importance of Electronics Cooling 135 7.3 Challenges in Traditional Cooling Methods 137 7.4 Thermal Properties of Nanofluids 137 7.5 Applications of Nanofluids in Electronics Cooling 140 7.6 Advantages of Nanofluids in Electronics Cooling 141 7.

7 Challenges and Considerations 142 7.8 Future Prospects and Research Directions 144 7.9 Conclusion 146 References 147 8 Arrhenius Kinetics in Ternary Hybrid Nanofluid Flow 149 Nagendramma, V. and Kavya, S. Nomenclature 150 Subscripts 151 8.1 Introduction 152 8.2 Modeling of the Physical Problem 153 8.3 Problem Solution 159 8.

3.1 Numerical Methodology 159 8.3.2 Numerical Validation 164 8.4 Graphical Discussion and Outcomes 165 8.5 Conclusion 176 References 177 9 Two-Phase Fluid Flow Over a Stretching Sheet 179 Aswin Kumar Rauta Nomenclature 180 9.1 Introduction 181 9.1.

1 Novelty of the Study 183 9.2 Geometry of the Problem and Flow Analysis 184 9.3 Governing Differential Equations 185 9.4 Solution Procedure 190 9.5 Interpretation of the Results 191 9.6 Summary of the Study 197 References 198 10 MHD Flow of Burgers'' Fluid with Nanoparticles 201 V. Nagendramma 10.1 Introduction 201 10.

2 Non-Newtonian Burgers'' Fluid Rheological Model 204 10.3 Mathematical Formulation 204 10.4 Method of Solution 206 10.5 Results and Discussion 208 10.6 Conclusions 214 References 225 11 Computational Modeling of Blood-Based Tetrahybrid Nanofluid 229 Bhagyashri Patgiri and Neelav Sarma Nomenclature 230 11.1 Introduction 231 11.2 Mathematical Formulation 234 11.3 Fluid Characteristics 236 11.

3.1 Thermophysical Properties 236 11.3.2 Thermophysical Relationships 237 11.4 Dimensionless Transformation 239 11.5 Engineering Optimization Metrics 240 11.6 Results and Discussion 241 11.7 Conclusion 247 References 247 12 Nanofluid Heat Exchangers 253 Atul Bhattad and Mohamed M.

Awad Nomenclature 254 Abbreviations 254 Greek Letters 255 Subscripts 255 12.1 Introduction 255 12.2 Test Setup and Procedure 256 12.3 Data Analyses 258 12.4 Results and Discussion 261 12.5 Limitations and Challenges of Hybrid Nanofluids 267 12.6 Highlights 268 References 269 13 Entropy Analysis of Yamada-Ota Model-Based Ree-Eyring Nanofluid Flow 271 Tusar Kanti Das, Jintu Mani Nath and Mulinti Vinodkumar Reddy Nomenclature 272 Greek Symbols 272 13.1 Introduction 272 13.

2 Mathematical Problem 275 13.3 Methodology 279 13.4 Validation 280 13.5 Results and Discussion 280 13.6 Conclusions 288 References 289 14 Innovations in Industrial Nanofluid Heat Transfer 293 Tayyaba Akhtar, Muhammad Abid and Mohamed M. Awad 14.1 Introduction 294 14.2 Advancements in Nanoparticle Selection 295 14.

2.1 Diverse Nanoparticle Types 295 14.2.1.1 Metallic Nanoparticles 296 14.2.1.2 Nonmetallic Nanoparticles 298 14.

2.2 Impact of Particle Size and Shape 300 14.3 Enhanced Base Fluids and Formulations 301 14.3.1 Selection of Base Fluids 301 14.3.2 Hybrid Nanofluids 302 14.4 Improved Heat Transfer Mechanisms 302 14.

5 Practical Challenges in Implementation 303 14.6 Industrial Applications 304 14.6.1 Electronics Cooling 305 14.6.2 Automotive Industry 305 14.7 Case Studies on Successful Industrial Implementations 306 14.7.

1 Enhancing Thermal Management in High-Performance Computing 306 14.7.2 Optimizing Engine Cooling with Hybrid Nanofluids 307 14.7.3 Improving Efficiency in Solar PV/T Systems 308 14.7.4 Enhancing Heat Exchangers in Thermal Power Plants 309 14.7.

5 Conclusion of Case Studies 309 14.8 Computational and Simulation Approaches in Nanofluid Research 310 14.8.1 Computational Fluid Dynamics: Modeling Flow and Heat Transfer 310 14.8.2 Molecular Dynamics Simulations: Understanding Nanoparticle Behavior 311 14.8.3 Hybrid Modeling Approaches: Combining Techniques for Improved Accuracy 311 14.

8.4 Machine Learning and Data-Driven Modeling in Nanofluid Research 312 14.8.5 Conclusion of Computational and Simulation Approaches 312 14.9 Future Directions 313 14.10 Conclusion 314 References 314 15 Radiative Heat Transfer in Nanofluids 319 Abdulhalim Musa Abubakar, Issam Ferhoune, E.M. Mansour and Wisdom Chukwuemeke Ulakpa 15.

1 Introduction 320 15.2 Radiative Properties of Conventional Fluids 323 15.3 Nanofluids: Composition and Properties 327 15.3.1 Definition and Types of Nanofluids 327 15.3.2 Influence of Nanoparticle Dispersion on Fluid Properties 330 15.4 Mechanisms of Radiative Heat Transfer in Nanofluids 331 15.

5 Computational Modeling of Radiative Transfer in Nanofluids 337 15.5.1 Numerical Methods for Radiative Transfer in Nanofluids 337 15.5.2 Integration of Computational Models with Experimental Data 338 15.6 Experimental Studies on Radiative Heat Transfer in Nanofluids 341 15.7 Applications of Radiati.