This volume responds to persistent financial instability, widening inequality, and recurrent sovereign debt crises associated with interest rate-centered monetary systems. It contends that these challenges are structural in nature and therefore necessitate comprehensive institutional redesign rather than incremental policy reform. Financial System Transformation for Welfare and Sustainability develops a systemic framework for restructuring finance beyond the conventional interest-based paradigm, employing Pakistan as an illustrative case study. It advances a critique of fractional-reserve banking and debt-based money creation, proposing instead a model centered on full-reserve deposit banking, distinct risk-based investment intermediation, and a benchmark anchored in an equity risk premium linked to real-sector returns. The analysis integrates reforms across monetary policy, banking architecture, capital markets, public finance, governance, and social finance, situating these within a unified ethical and institutional framework. By combining normative foundations with operational design and a phased transition strategy, the study prioritizes financial stability, equitable development, and shared welfare, offering scholars, regulators, and policymakers a practical and transferable blueprint for a more resilient, just and welfare-oriented financial system.