Chapter 1: Anthropology and the Social Sciences Introduction Methods Belong to All of Us The Many Meanings of Method Rationalism, Empiricism, and Morality The Norms of Science The Development of Science-From Democritus to Newton Exploration, Printing, and Modern Science Science, Money, and War The Development of Social Science-From Newton to Rousseau Early Positivism: Quételet, Saint-Simon, Comte Great Failures in Science and Social Science The Varieties of Positivism Later Positivism: The Vienna Circle Instrumental Positivism The Reaction against Positivism And Finally . The Qualitative/Quantitative Split Chapter 2: The Foundations of Social Research Introduction Variables: The Joy of Measurement Measurement and Concepts Conceptual and Operational Definitions Conceptual Definitions Operational Definitions Levels of Measurement Reliability, Validity, Accuracy, and Precision Determining Validity Units of Analysis Chapter 3: Preparing for Research Introduction-Setting Things Up The Ideal Research Process A Realistic Approach Alternative Paradigms for Building Theories Choosing a Research Problem: A Guide to Research Topics, Anyway Meta-analysis Chapter 4: Research Design Introduction: What Is Research Design? Cause and Effect Three Decisions in Research Design The Eight Types of Research Design The Components of a Research Design The Art of Proposal Writing How to Develop Your Proposal with Mentors and Peers Chapter 5: Experiments and Experimental Thinking Introduction Kinds of Confounds: Threats to Internal Validity Controlling for Threats to Validity Field Experiments Are Field Experiments Ethical? Thought Experiments Chapter 6: Ethics and the Conduct of Anthropology Introduction I: Choosing a Research Problem II: Making Our Work Less Extractive and Exploitative Participatory and Action Research III: Getting Informed Consent How to Get Your IRB Proposal Approved IV: Maintaining Confidentiality Chapter 7: Probability Sampling Introduction: What Are Samples and Why Do We Need Them? Sampling Frames Stratified Sampling Cluster Sampling and Complex Sampling Designs Maximizing Between-group Variance: The Wichita Study How Big Should a Sample Be? The Normal Distribution and z -scores The Central Limit Theorem The Standard Error and Confidence Intervals Calculating Sample Size for Estimating Means Calculating Sample Size for Estimating Proportions Chapter 8: Nonprobability Sampling Introduction: Reasons to Use a Nonprobability Sample Four Common and Two Uncommon Types of Nonprobability Sample s Minimum Sizes for Different Types of Nonprobability Samples Deciding on a Nonprobability Sampling Method and Sample Size And Finally . Chapter 9: Interviewing and Focus Groups Introduction-The Big Picture Interview Control Unstructured Interviewing Probing Learning to Interview Positionality and Presentation of Self Using a Voice Recorder Using Visual Cues, Like Photos in Interviews Focus Groups Response Effects Informant/Respondent Accuracy Chapter 10: Questionnaires Introduction Personal, Face-to-face Interviews Telephone Interviews Self-administered Questionnaires When to Use What Working with Interviewers Closed- versus Open-ended Questions Fourteen Rules for Question Wording and Format Pretesting and Learning from Mistakes Translation and Back Translation The Response Rate Problem Improving Response Rates: The Legacy of Dillman''s Total Design Method Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Studies Some Specialized Survey Methods And Finally Chapter 11: Collecting Cultural Domain Data Introduction It Started with the Domain of Kinship Free Listing The True-False/Yes-No and Sentence Frame Techniques Triad Tests Free Pile Sorts Rankings and Paired Comparisons Chapter 12: Collecting Social Network Data Introduction-What Is Social Network Analysis? Anthropology and Social Network Analysis Whole Networks Personal Networks Doing Network Analysis Collecting Whole (Sociocentric) Network Data Methods for Finding Network Ties Collecting Personal (Egocentric) Network Data Reducing Respondent Burden Chapter 13: Scales and Scaling Introduction Single-question Scales Indexes Guttman Scales Some Examples of a Guttman Scale Likert Scales Item Analysis Testing for Unidimensionality with Factor Analysis The Semantic Differential Chapter 14: Participant Observation Introduction What Is Participant Observation? The Stages of Participant Observation Entering the Field Fieldwork Roles The Skills of a Participant Observer Building Explicit Awareness Ethically Practicing the Darker Arts of Fieldwork Objectivity Studying Your Own Culture Rapid Assessment Validity-Again Surviving Fieldwork Chapter 15: Field Notes and Data Management Introduction How to Write Field Notes Field Notes Coding Field Notes Analyzing Field Notes Database Management Chapter 16: Direct Observation Introduction CM-Continuous Monitoring Coding Schemes Spot Sampling and Time Allocation Studies Experience Sampling (ES) and Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) Unobtrusive Observation Indirect Observation Archival Research Chapter 17: Introduction to Data Analysis Introduction: Qualitative, Quantitative Data Matrices Presenting Results in Matrices and Tables Presenting Results: Causal Flow Charts Chapter 18: Analyzing Cultural Domain Data Introduction Analyzing Free Lists Analyzing Pile Sort Data How MDS Works Cluster Analysis and Pile Sort Data How Cluster Analysis Works A Real Research Example: Green Behavior and Electric Cars in the United States Analyzing Triad Data Analyzing Sentence Frames Analyzing Paired Comparisons Cultural Consensus Analysis Running Consensus Analysis Cultural Consonance Cultural Domains and Folk Taxonomies Chapter 19: Analyzing Network Data Introduction: A Bit More About Matrices Analyzing Social Network Data Analyzing Whole (Sociocentric) Network Data Analyzing Personal (Egocentric) Network Data "It''s Not What You Know, It''s Who You Know" Adding Network Data to the Classic Recipe Affiliation Matrices Semantic Networks Chapter 20: Analyzing Text I: Theme Coding, Grounded Theory, and Content Analysis Introduction Overview of Grounded Theory Content Analysis Doing Classical Content Analysis Intercoder Reliability AI and Text Analysis HRAF: Cross-cultural Content Analysis Doing Cross-cultural Text-based Research Chapter 21: Analyzing Text II: Discourse Analysis Introduction Conversation Analysis Taking Turns in a Jury Narrative Analysis Phenomenological Analysis of Narratives Language in Use Critical Discourse Analysis: Language and Power Chapter 22: Text Analysis III: Analytic Logic Introduction Ethnographic Decision Models (EDM) Representing Complicated Models with Tables and IF?THEN Charts Schema Analysis Three Examples of Schema Analysis Analytic Induction/Qualitative Comparative Analysis Qualitative Comparative Analysis-QCA And Finally . Chapter 23: Univariate and Bivariate Analysis Introduction Univariate Analysis: Raw Data Frequency Distributions Measures of Central Tendency Visualizing Data Measures of Variation I: Range and Interquartile Range Measures of Variation II: Variance and the Standard Deviation The Logic of Hypothesis Testing So, What About the Mean of FEMILLIT? More About z-Scores The Univariate Chi-square Test Testing Relations: Bivariate Analysis The t -Test: Comparing Two Means ANOVA-Analysis of Variance Examples of ANOVA Visualizing the Direction and Shape of Covariations Crosstabs of Nominal Variables Correlation and Cause: Antecedent and Intervening Variables Chi-square for Bivariate Comparisons Testing the Association Between Ordinal Variables What to Use for Nominal and Ordinal Variables Correlation: The Powerhouse Statistic for Covariation Spearman''s r Pearson''s r Regression How Regression Works Testing the Significance of r Nonlinear Relations Statistical Significance, the Shotgun Approach, and Other Issues Chapter 24: Multivariate Analysis Introduction Elaboration: Controlling for Independent Variables Car Wrecks and Teenage Births The Multiple Regression Equation Unraveling the Teenage-birth-and-motor-vehicle-death Puzzle Path Analysis Factor Analysi.