Michael Brie is a former senior research fellow at the Institute for Critical Social Analysis at the Rosa Luxemburg Foundation, Germany. Now retired, his research explores the theory and history of socialism, the socio-ecological transformation of modern societies, and contemporary strategic questions facing the Left. He is the co-author of Rosa Luxemburg: A Revolutionary Marxist at the Limits of Marxism (2021), author of Rediscovering Lenin: Dialectics of Revolution and Metaphysics of Domination (2019), and co-editor of Karl Polanyi's Vision of a Socialist Transformation (2018).