Preface xiii Acknowledgement xv 1 Stress and Strain 1 1.2 Tension and Compression 13 1.3 Stress Tensor and Deviatoric Stress Tensor 17 1.4 Stress Space, Ï Plane, and Lode Parameters 25 1.5 Deviatoric Strain and Equivalent Strain 30 2 Yielding Conditions 35 2.1 Introduction 35 2.2 Yield Locus 37 2.3 Yield Surface 38 2.
4 Yield Criterion 43 2.5 Common Yielding Conditions 49 2.6 Hardening Rule 54 2.7 Loading and Unloading of Hardening Materials 57 2.8 Plastic Deformation 58 2.9 The Normality Rule 62 3 Constitutive Equations 65 3.1 Introduction 65 3.2 The Total Strain Theory 66 3.
3 The Flow Rules 69 3.4 Drucker''s Stability Postulate 70 3.5 The Loading Criterion 72 3.6 Incremental Stress-Strain Relationships 73 4 Cyclic Loading and Shakedown 83 4.1 Introduction 83 4.2 Cycling Loading 84 4.3 Shakedown Theorem 88 5 Some Application Problems 97 5.1 Torsion in Thin-Walled Tubes 97 5.
2 Combined Tension and Torsion 102 5.3 Combined Tension, Torsion, and Bending 104 5.4 Bending in Thin-Walled Tubes 105 5.5 Combined Tension and Torsion in a Thin-Walled Tube 109 5.6 Bending in Rectangular Cross-Section 112 5.7 Internal Pressure in Thick-Walled Tubes 116 5.8 Identification Problems 122 6 Plasticity in Finite Element Analysis 133 6.1 Introduction 133 6.
2 Elastic Materials 135 6.3 Thermo-Elastic Materials 144 6.4 Hypoelastic Materials 147 6.5 Hyperelastic Materials 150 6.6 Viscoelastic Materials 154 6.7 Elastic-Plastic Materials 156 6.8 Hypoelastic-Plastic Materials 160 6.9 Hyperelastic-Plastic Materials 164 6.
10 Viscoplastic Materials 165 6.11 Plastic Materials 168 7 Plasticity in Total Force Model 173 7.1 Introduction 173 7.2 Elastic Beam-Column with Large Displacements 175 7.3 The Plastic Node Method 177 7.4 Transformation Matrix 187 7.5 Stress-Based Plasticity Constitutive Equations 189 7.6 Deformation Matrix 204 8 Metal Forming Processing Plasticity 207 8.
1 Introduction 207 8.2 Classification 208 8.3 Forming Processes 209 8.4 Sheet Metal Formability 216 8.5 Anisotropy of Sheet Metal 228 8.6 Metal Forming in the Carcass Layer of Flexible Pipes 236 8.7 Metal Forming Effect on Residual Stress of the Carcass Layer in Flexible Pipes 242 9 Mechanical Behavior of Thin Cylindrical Shells Under Combined Axial Compression and Bending 261 9.1 Introduction 261 9.
2 Experiments 263 9.3 Numerical Studies 268 9.4 Validation 273 9.5 Buckling Behavior of Thin Tubes Under Combined Loads 275 9.6 Conclusions 278 10 Characterization of Ductile Fracture Criterion for API X80 Pipeline Steel Based on a Phenomenological Approach 281 10.1 Introduction 281 10.2 Overview of Damage Model 284 10.3 Experimental Programs 289 10.
4 Calibration Procedure 295 10.5 Comparison with Notched Tensile Specimen Test 303 10.6 Validation through CT Test 307 10.7 Conclusions 312 11 Fracture Response of Steel Pipelines Under Combined Tension and Torsion 317 11.1 Introduction 317 11.2 Theoretical Equations 320 11.3 Finite Element Procedure 322 11.4 Results 325 11.
5 Parametric Studies 329 11.6 Conclusions 334 12 Fracture Response of Steel Pipelines Under Combined Tension and Bending 339 12.1 Introduction 339 12.2 Finite Element Procedure 342 12.3 Results 346 12.4 Parametric Studies 351 12.5 Theoretical Models 356 12.6 Conclusions 368 13 Mechanical Behavior of Pipes with Crack under Combined Tension and Internal Pressure 373 13.
1 Introduction 373 13.2 Finite Element Procedure 376 13.3 Results 380 13.4 Parametric Studies 382 13.5 Theoretical Solutions 384 13.6 Analyzing a 21-Inch X80 Steel Pipe 388 13.7 Conclusions 394 14 The Hoop Stress Failure Analysis of Defective X80 Steel Pipes 399 14.1 Introduction 399 14.
2 Damage Mechanics Models 402 14.3 The Pipe Model 403 14.4 Parametric Studies 414 14.5 Conclusions 422 Bibliography 423 15 Fracture Study of X80 Steel Based on Phase Field Method 427 15.1 Introduction 427 15.2 Experiments 429 15.3 Finite Element Model 432 15.4 Conclusions 437 References 438 Index 441.