List of Illustrations Acknowledgements Part 1. Texts and Translations Chapter 1. "The Second Council of Toledo (527/531): Introduction and Annotated Translation" by Graham Barrett Chapter 2. "Early Charters of Vaudey Abbey" by Hannah Boston Chapter 3. "The Memoria Beati Ysidori: Introduction, Translation, and Notes" by Kenneth Baxter Wolf Chapter 4. "Jewish Moneylending in Medieval Bologna: New Early Documentary Evidence From Surviving Loan Registers and the 1416 condotta" by Elena Lolli Part 2. Critiques and Commentaries Chapter 5. "The Fall and Restoration of the Piast Monarchy: Crisis as Narrative in the Gesta principum Polonorum" by Franciszek Dabrowski Chapter 6.

"Ira regis and Ira episcopi in Papal Writs From Toledo in the Late Twelfth Century (Act E.7.C.2.7. and Act X.2.A.

2.2.)" by Kyle C. Lincoln Chapter 7. "An Attempt at a Medieval Christian Hermetism: Jesus, Mercury, and Hermes Trismegistus in Alfonso X's Setenario" by Juan Udaondo Alegre Chapter 8. "Meeting the Challenges Head-On: Confronting Obstacles to Effective Administration of Justice in an Early Sixteenth-Century Diocese" by Martin Roberts Part 3. Reflections Chapter 9. "Reflecting on Ulrich" by Barbara H.

Rosenwein.