Preliminaries Introduction Psychological Attributes as Latent Variables Challenges in the Measurement of Latent Constructs What Is a Questionnaire? Main Steps in Questionnaire Construction What Is Psychometric Theory? Notation Datasets Used for Examples Classical Test Theory Introduction Foundation Models Conceptual Approaches of Reliability Reliability of Parallel and Nonparallel Tests Procedures for Estimating Reliability True Score Estimation Item Analysis Validity Test Bias Generalizability Theory Examples Item Response Theory Models for Dichotomous Items Introduction Model Assumptions Rasch Model 2PL Model 3PL Model Random-Effects Approach Summary about Model Estimation Examples Item Response Theory Models for Polytomous Items Introduction Model Assumptions Taxonomy of Models for Polytomous Responses Models for Ordinal Responses Models for Nominal Responses Examples Estimation Methods and Diagnostics Introduction Joint Maximum Likelihood Method Conditional Maximum Likelihood Method Marginal Maximum Likelihood Method Estimation of Models for Polytomous Items Graphical Diagnostic Tools Goodness-of-Fit Infit and Outfit Statistics Differential Item Functioning Examples Appendix Some Extensions of Traditional Item Response Theory Models Introduction Models with Covariates Models for Clustered and Longitudinal Data Multidimensional Models Structural Equation Modeling Setting Examples Exercises appear at the end of each chapter. p;lt;BR>2PL Model 3PL Model Random-Effects Approach Summary about Model Estimation Examples Item Response Theory Models for Polytomous Items Introduction Model Assumptions Taxonomy of Models for Polytomous Responses Models for Ordinal Responses Models for Nominal Responses Examples Estimation Methods and Diagnostics Introduction Joint Maximum Likelihood Method Conditional Maximum Likelihood Method Marginal Maximum Likelihood Method Estimation of Models for Polytomous Items Graphical Diagnostic Tools Goodness-of-Fit Infit and Outfit Statistics Differential Item Functioning Examples Appendix Some Extensions of Traditional Item Response Theory Models Introduction Models with Covariates Models for Clustered and Longitudinal Data Multidimensional Models Structural Equation Modeling Setting Examples Exercises appear at the end of each chapter. amp;lt;P> Some Extensions of Traditional Item Response Theory Models Introduction Models with Covariates Models for Clustered and Longitudinal Data Multidimensional Models Structural Equation Modeling Setting Examples Exercises appear at the end of each chapter.