SOME BASIC NOTIONS: RATES OF MASS TRANSFER Gradient-Driven Transport Illustrations: Transport in Systems with Vanishing Gradients, Diffusion through a Hollow Cylinder , Underground Storage of Helium: Diffusion Transport Driven by a Potential Difference: The Film Concept and the Mass Transfer Coefficient Units of the Potential and of the Mass Transfer Coefficient Illustration: Conversion of Mass Transfer Coefficients Equimolar Counterdiffusion and Diffusion through a Stagnant Film: The Log-Mean Concentration Difference Illustration:Estimation of Mass Transfer Coefficients and Film Thickness. Transport in Blood Vessels The Two-Film Theory Overall Driving Forces and Mass Transfer Coefficients Illustrations:Qualitative Analysis of Concentration Profiles and Mass Transfer, Drying with an Air Blower: A Fermi Problem Conclusion Practice Problems MODELING MASS TRANSPORT: THE MASS BALANCES The Compartment and the One-Dimensional Pipe Illustration: Evaporation of a Solute to the Atmosphere, Reaeration of a River The Classification of Mass Balances Illustrations: The Countercurrent Gas Scrubber: Genesis of Steady Integral and Differential Mass Balances , Two Examples from Biology: The Quasi-Steady-State Assumption , Batch Distillation: An Example of a Cumulative Balance The Information Obtained from Model Solutions Setting Up Partial Differential Equations Illustrations: Unsteady Diffusion in One Direction: Fick''s Equation, Laminar Flow and Diffusion in a Pipe: The Graetz Problem for Mass Transfer , A Metallurgical Problem: Microsegregation in the Casting of Alloys and How to Avoid PDEs The General Conservation Equations Illustrations: Laplace''s Equation, Steady-State Diffusion in Three-Dimensional Space: Emissions from Embedded Sources, Lifetime of Volatile Underground Deposits Practice Problems DIFFUSION THROUGH GASES, LIQUIDS, AND SOLIDS Diffusion Coefficients Illustrations: Diffusivity of Cadmium Vapor in Air , Electrorefining of Metals. Concentration, Polarization and the Limiting Current Density, Uptake and Permeation of Atmospheric Oxygen in PVC, Sievert''s Law: Hydrogen Leakage through a Reactor Wall, The Design of Packaging Materials, Transpiration of Water from Leaves. Photosynthesis and Its Implications for Global Warming, Diffusivity in a Catalyst Pellet, Diffusivity of a Dopant in a Silicon Chip Practice Problems MORE ABOUT DIFFUSION: TRANSIENT DIFFUSION AND DIFFUSION WITH REACTION Transient Diffusion Illustrations: Concentration Response to an Instantaneous Point Source: Release in the Environment and in a Living Cell, Net Rate of Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Finding a Solution in a Related Discipline: The Effect of Wind on the Dispersion of Emissions, Penetration of a Solute into a Semi-Infinite Domain, Cumulative Uptake by Diffusion for the Semi-Infinite Domain, Manufacture of Transformer Steel, Determination of Diffusivity in Animal Tissue, Extraction of Oil from Vegetable Seeds Diffusion and Reaction Illustrations: Reaction and Diffusion in a Catalyst Particle. The Effectiveness Factor and the Design of Catalyst Pellets , A Moving Boundary Problem: The Shrinking Core Model, First-Order Reaction with Diffusion in a Liquid Film: Selection of a Reaction Solvent Practice Problems A SURVEY OF MASS TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS Dimensionless Groups Illustration: The Wall-Sherwood Number Mass Transfer Coefficients in Laminar Flow: Extraction from the PDE Model Illustration: Release of a Solute into Tubular Laminar Flow: Transport in the Entry Region Mass Transfer in Turbulent Flow: Dimensional Analysis and the Buckingham p Theorem Illustrations: Derivation of a Correlation for Turbulent Flow Mass Transfer Coefficients Using DimensionalAnalysis , Estimation of the Mass Transfer Coefficient kY for the Drying of Plastic Sheets Mass Transfer Coefficients for Tower Packings Illustrations: Prediction of the Volumetric Mass Transfer Coefficient of a Packing Mass Transfer Coefficients in Agitated Vessels Illustrations: Dissolution of Granular Solids in an Agitated Vessel Mass Transfer Coefficients in the Environment: Uptake and Clearance of Toxic Substances in Animals: The Bioconcentration Factor Illustration: Uptake and Depuration of Toxins: Approach to Steady State and Clearance Half-Lives Practice Problems PHASE EQUILIBRIA Single-Component Systems: Vapor Pressure Illustration: Maximum Breathing Losses from a Storage Tank Multicomponent Systems: Distribution of a Single Component Illustrations: Carbonation of a Soft Drink, Discharge of Plant Effluent into a River , Adsorption of Benzene from Water in a Granular Carbon Bed , Adsorption of a Pollutant from Groundwater onto Soil, The Mixture or Lever Rule in the Triangular Diagram, Decaffeination in a Single-Equilibrium Stage, The Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient Multicomponent Equilibria: Distribution of Several Components Illustrations: Application of the Phase Rule, The Effect of Total Pressure on alpha , Activity Coefficients from Solubilities Practice Problems STAGED OPERATIONS: THE EQUILIBRIUM STAGE Equilibrium Stages Illustrations: Single-Stage Adsorption: The Rectangular Operating Diagram, Single-Stage Liquid Extraction: The Triangular Operating Diagram, Differential Distillation: The Rayleigh Equation , Rayleigh''s Equation in the Environment: Attenuation of Mercury Pollution in a Water Basin, Optimum Use of Adsorbent or Solvent in Crosscurrent Cascades, A Crosscurrent Extraction Cascade in Triangular Coordinates, Comparison of Various Stage Configurations: The Kremser-Souders-Brown Equation, Design of a Distillation Column in the McCabe-Thiele Diagram, Isotope Distillation: The Fenske Equation, Batch-Column Distillation: Model Equations and Some Simple Algebraic Calculations, Contamination and Clearance of Soils and River Beds Stage Efficiencies Illustrations: Stage Efficiencies of Liquid Solid Systems, Efficiency of an Adsorption or Ion-Exchange Column Practice Problems CONTINUOUS-CONTACT OPERATIONS Packed-Column Operations Illustrations: The Countercurrent Gas Scrubber Revisited, The Countercurrent Gas Scrubber Again: Analysis of the Linear Case, Distillation in a Packed Column: The Case of Constant a at Total Reflux, Coffee Decaffeination by Countercurrent Supercritical Fluid Extraction Membrane Processes Illustrations: Brian''s Equation for Concentration Polarization, A Simple Model of Reverse Osmosis, Modeling the Artificial Kidney: Analogy to the External Heat Exchanger, Membrane Gas Separation: Selectivity a and the Pressure Ratio f Practice Problems SIMULTANEOUS HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER The Air-Water System: Humidification and Dehumidification, Evaporative Cooling Illustrations: The Humidity Chart, Operation of a Water-Cooling Tower Drying Operations Illustration: Debugging of a Vinyl Chloride Recovery Unit Heat Effects in a Catalyst Pellet: The Nonisothermal Effectiveness Factor Illustration: Design of a Gas Scrubber: The Adiabatic Case Practice Problems SELECTED REFERENCES APPENDICES The D-Operator Method Hyperbolic Functions and ODEs SUBJECT INDEX.