PART I MORAL FOUNDATIONS 1. Moral Norms 1.1 Normative and Nonnormative Ethics 1.2 The Common Morality as Universal Morality 1.3 Particular Moralities as Nonuniversal 1.4 Moral Dilemmas 1.5 A Framework of Moral Principles 1.6 Conflicting Moral Norms 1.

7 Conclusion 2. Moral Character 2.1 The Concept of Moral Virtue 2.2 Virtues in Professional Roles 2.3 The Central Virtue of Care/Caring 2.4 Five Focal Virtues 2.5 Moral Ideals 2.6 Moral Excellence 2.

7 Conclusion 3. Moral Status 3.1 The Problem of Moral Status 3.2 Theories of Moral Status 3.3 From Theories to Practical Guidelines 3.4 The Moral Significance of Moral Status 3.5 Vulnerable Populations and Vulnerable Individuals 3.6 Conclusion PART II MORAL PRINCIPLES 4.

Respect for Autonomy 4.1 The Concept of Autonomy and the Principle of Respect for Autonomy 4.2 The Capacity for Autonomous Choice 4.3 The Meaning and Justification of Informed Consent 4.4 Disclosure 4.5 Understanding 4.6 Voluntariness 4.7 Public Health Interventions and Respect for Autonomy 4.

8 Surrogate Decision Making for Nonautonomous Patients 4.9 Conclusion 5. Nonmaleficence 5.1 The Concept and Principle of Nonmaleficence 5.2 Distinctions and Rules Governing Nontreatment Decisions 5.3 Optional Treatments and Obligatory Treatments 5.4 Killing and Letting Die 5.5 Intentionally Arranged Deaths: When, If Ever, Are They Justified? 5.

6 Protecting Decisionally Incapacitated Patients from Harm 5.7 Whose Risks and Whose Benefits? Problems of Underprotection and Overprotection in Research 5.8 Conclusion 6. Beneficence 6.1 The Concept of Beneficence and Principles of Beneficence 6.2 Obligatory Beneficence and Ideal Beneficence 6.3 Paternalism: Conflicts between Beneficence and Respect for Autonomy 6.4 Public Health: Goals and Interventions 6.

5 Balancing Benefits, Costs, and Risks 6.6 The Value and Quality of Life 6.7 Conclusion 7. Justice 7.1 The Concept of Justice and Principles of Justice 7.2 Traditional Theories of Justice 7.3 Two Theories Closely Connected to the Value of Health 7.4 Fair Opportunity and Unfair Discrimination 7.

5 Vulnerability, Exploitation, and Discrimination in Research 7.6 National Health Policy and the Right to Health Care 7.7 Global Health Policy and the Right to Health 7.8 Allocating, Setting Priorities, and Rationing 7.9 Conclusion 8. Rules, Roles, and Relationships 8.1 Veracity 8.2 Privacy 8.

3 Confidentiality 8.4 Fidelity 8.5 The Distinction between Clinical Ethics and Research Ethics 8.6 Conclusion PART III THEORY AND METHOD 9. Moral Theories 9.1 Criteria for Assessing Moral Theories 9.2 Utilitarian Theory 9.3 Kantian Theory 9.

4 Rights Theory 9.5 Virtue Theory 9.6 The Convergence of Theories on Principles 9.7 Conclusion 10. Method and Moral Justification 10.1 Justification in Ethics 10.2 Top-Down Model: Theory and Application 10.3 Bottom-Up Model: Cases and Analogical Reasoning 10.

4 An Integrated Model: Reflective Equilibrium 10.5 Common-Morality Theory 10.6 Conclusion Index.