List of Maps and Photographs Preface to New Edition Introduction Chapter 1: The Nature of Haiti: Land and Society The Land, the People, and Natural Resources Vodou Cosmology: World View at the Crossroads Women and Society Chapter 2: The Context of Haitian Development and Underdevelopment Saint-Domingue: Wealth Amid Poverty The Haitian Revolution (1791-1806) Postindependence Crises: Structures, Institutions Early Foreign Policy: Diplomatic And Trade Relations Haitian Social Thought and Literature Chapter 3: Modernization and Dependence: Twentieth-Century Haiti Caudillism and Modernization The U.S. Occupation, 1915-1934 The Caco Wars The Aftermath of the U.S. Occupation: Stability and Turmoil, 1934-1956 Prelude to Dictatorship: The Elections of 1957 Dynastic Dictatorship: The Duvalier Years, 1957-1986 Chapter 4: The Haitian Economy and the National Security State Applied Economics: The Puerto Rican Model of Development? The National Security State Chapter 5: Politics and Government The Constitution of 1987 and National Institutions The Military Dictatorship and the Electoral Campaigns of 1987-1988 Peasant Organizations, Structures and Institutions Chapter 6: Heralding the Bicentennial: Breaks and Continuity Three Generals and a Lady The Failed Era: Aristide and the Anatomy of a Coup On Wings of Eagles: Continuity and Uncertainties Conclusion Appendix 1 Notes Bibliographical Essay Index.