List of contributorsPreface Chapter 1: Caves in medieval Europe: religious and secular useKnut Andreas Bergsvik and Marion Dowd NORTHWESTERN EUROPE Chapter 2: Entering other realms: Sámi burials in natural rock cavities and caves in northern Fenno-Scandinavia between 900 ­BC and AD 1700Asgeir Svestad Chapter 3: The use and perception of caves and rockshelters in late Iron Age and medieval Western Norway c. AD 550-1550Knut Andreas Bergsvik Chapter 4: A holy cave and womb: the sanctuary on the island of Selja and the birth of the first Norwegian saintsAlf Tore Hommedal Chapter 5: Signs from the Pictish underground: early medieval cave ritual at the Sculptor's Cave, northeast Scotland (c. AD 400-900)Lindsey Büster and Ian Armit Chapter 6: Marking caves in Scotland and Iceland: characterising an early medieval phenomenonKristján Ahronson Chapter 7: Saintly associations with caves in early medieval Ireland (AD 400-1169) Marion Dowd IBERIA AND THE MEDITTERANEAN Chapter 8: Hidden in the depths, far from people. Funerary activities in the Lower Gallery of La Garma and the use of natural caves as burial places in early medieval Cantabria, northern SpainPablo Arias, Roberto Ontañón, Enrique Gutiérrez Cuenca, José Ángel Hierro Gárate, Francisco Etxeberria, Lourdes Herrasti and Paloma Uzquiano Chapter 9: Christian and Muslim patterns of secular and religious cave use in the Iberian Peninsula in Late Antiquity and the early middle Ages (fifth/sixth to eleventh/twelfth centuries AD)Manel Feijoó Chapter 10: The occupation and use of natural caves in the Ligurian-Piedmontese region between Late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages (fifth to late seventh century)Paolo de Vingo Chapter 11: The culture of rock-cut cemeteries and artificial ritual caves in Roman and Byzantine Malta Mario Buhagiar Chapter 12: Investigating cave dwelling in medieval Malta (AD 800-1530) Keith Buhagiar CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE Chapter 13: The use of caves for religious purposes in early medieval Germany (AD 500-1200) Mechthild Schulze-Dörrlamm Chapter 14: Knights in the dark: on the function of Polish caves in the Middle AgesMichal Wojenka Chapter 15: Medieval cave sites in the Czech Republic Vladimír Pesa Chapter 16: Bull Rock Cave (Býcí skála), Czech Republic, and its environs in the Middle Ages Martin Golec Chapter 17: The form and fabric of Late Antique and medieval cave use in SloveniaAgni Prijatelj Chapter 18: The triconchial medieval cave churches of Eski-Kermen (Crimea): recent results of investigations Nicolas V. Dneprovsky.