Series Preface xvii Preface xix About the Companion Website xxi 1 Computers in Manufacturing 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.1.1 Importance of Manufacturing 1 1.1.2 Scale and Complexity of Manufacturing 2 1.1.3 Human Roles in Manufacturing 4 1.
1.4 Computers in Advanced Manufacturing 6 1.2 Computer Aided Technologies (CATs) 7 1.3 CATs for Engineering Designs 10 1.3.1 Engineering Design in a Manufacturing System 10 1.3.2 Importance of Engineering Design 10 1.
3.3 Types of Design Activities 12 1.3.4 Human Versus Computers 13 1.3.5 Human and Machine Interactions 14 1.4 Architecture of Computer Aided Systems 15 1.4.
1 Hardware Components 15 1.4.2 Computer Software Systems 17 1.4.3 Servers, Networking, and Cloud Technologies 18 1.5 Computer Aided Technologies in Manufacturing 20 1.6 Limitation of the Existing Manufacturing Engineering Curriculum 22 1.7 Course Framework for Digital Manufacturing 24 1.
8 Design of the CAD/CAM Course 25 1.8.1 Existing Design of the CAD/CAM Course 26 1.8.2 Customization of the CAD/CAM Course 27 1.9 Summary 28 1.10 Review Questions 29 References 30 Part I Computer Aided Design (CAD) 35 2 Computer Aided Geometric Modelling 37 2.1 Introduction 37 2.
2 Basic Elements in Geometry 38 2.2.1 Coordinate Systems 39 2.2.2 Reference Points, Lines, and Planes 40 2.2.3 Coordinate Transformation of Points 43 2.2.
4 Coordinate Transformation of Objects 43 2.3 Representation of Shapes 53 2.3.1 Basic Data Structure 54 2.3.2 Curvy Geometric Elements 56 2.3.3 Euler-Poincare Law for Solids 63 2.
4 Basic Modelling Methods 63 2.4.1 Wireframe Modelling 63 2.4.2 Surface Modelling 64 2.4.3 Boundary Surface Modelling (B-Rep) 65 2.4.
4 Space Decomposition 67 2.4.5 Solid Modelling 68 2.5 Feature-Based Modelling with Design Intents 74 2.6 Interactive Feature-Based Modelling Using CAD Tools 77 2.7 Summary 80 2.8 Modelling Problems 81 References 83 3 Knowledge-Based Engineering 85 3.1 Generative Model in Engineering Design 85 3.
2 Knowledge-Based Engineering 85 3.3 Parametric Modelling 87 3.3.1 Define Basic Geometric Elements 89 3.3.2 Types of Parameters 95 3.3.3 Geometric Constraints and Relations 99 3.
4 Design Intents 101 3.4.1 Default Location and Orientation of a Part 101 3.4.2 First Sketch Plane 103 3.5 Design Equations 103 3.6 Design Tables 105 3.7 Configurations as Part Properties 111 3.
8 Design Tables in Assembly Models 114 3.9 Design Tables in Applications 116 3.10 Design Templates 117 3.11 Summary 119 3.12 Design Problems 119 References 122 4 Platform Technologies 125 4.1 Concurrent Engineering (CE) 125 4.1.1 Brief History 125 4.
1.2 Needs of CE 125 4.1.3 Challenges of CE Practice 128 4.1.4 Concurrent Engineering (CE) and Continuous Improvement (CI) 128 4.2 Platform Technologies 130 4.3 Modularization 130 4.
4 Product Platforms 132 4.5 Product Variants and Platform Technologies 135 4.6 Fundamentals to Platform Technologies 138 4.7 Design Procedure of Product Platforms 142 4.8 Modularization of Products 142 4.8.1 Classification of Functional Requirements (FRs) 143 4.8.
2 Module-Based Product Platforms 143 4.8.3 Scale-Based Product Family 145 4.8.4 Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches 146 4.9 Platform Leveraging in CI 149 4.10 Evaluation of Product Platforms 153 4.10.
1 Step 1. Representation of a Modularized Platform 155 4.10.2 Step 2. Mapping a Modular Architecture for Robot Configurations 156 4.10.3 Step 3. Determine Evaluation Criteria of a Product Platform 156 4.
10.4 Step 4. Evaluate Platform Solutions 159 4.11 Computer Aided Tools (CAD) for Platform Technologies 160 4.11.1 Modelling Techniques of Product Variants 163 4.11.2 Design Toolboxes 163 4.
11.3 Custom Design Libraries 164 4.12 Summary 165 4.13 Design Projects 166 References 169 5 Computer Aided Reverse Engineering 173 5.1 Introduction 173 5.2 RE as Design Methodology 175 5.3 RE Procedure 178 5.4 Digital Modelling 179 5.
4.1 Types of Digital Models 180 5.4.2 Surface Reconstruction 181 5.4.3 Algorithms for Surface Reconstruction 181 5.4.4 Limitations of Existing Algorithms 182 5.
4.5 Data Flow in Surface Reconstruction 183 5.4.6 Surface Reconstruction Algorithm 184 5.4.7 Implementation Examples 186 5.5 Hardware Systems for Data Acquisition 188 5.5.
1 Classification of Hardware Systems 191 5.5.2 Positioning of Data Acquisition Devices 197 5.5.3 Control of Scanning Processes 199 5.5.4 Available Hardware Systems 200 5.6 Software Systems for Data Processing 201 5.
6.1 Data Filtering 201 5.6.2 Data Registration and Integration 204 5.6.3 Feature Detection 205 5.6.4 Surface Reconstruction 205 5.
6.5 Surface Simplification 205 5.6.6 Segmentation 206 5.6.7 Available Software Tools 206 5.7 Typical Manufacturing Applications 206 5.8 Computer Aided Reverse Engineering (CARE) 208 5.
8.1 Recap to Convert Sensed Data into Polygonal Models 209 5.8.2 ScanTo3D for Generation of Parametric Models 211 5.8.3 RE of Assembled Products 212 5.9 RE - Trend of Development 213 5.10 Summary 213 5.
11 Design Project 214 References 215 6 Computer Aided Machine Design 219 6.1 Introduction 219 6.2 General Functional Requirements (FRs) of Machines 222 6.3 Fundamentals of Machine Design 223 6.3.1 Link Types 223 6.3.2 Joint Types and Degrees of Freedom (DoFs) 223 6.
3.3 Kinematic Chains 225 6.3.4 Mobility of Mechanical Systems 226 6.4 Kinematic Synthesis 230 6.4.1 Type Synthesis 230 6.4.
2 Number Synthesis 230 6.4.3 Dimensional Synthesis 232 6.5 Kinematics 233 6.5.1 Positions of Particles, Links, and Bodies in 2D and 3D Space 233 6.5.2 Motions of Particles, Links, and Bodies 235 6.
5.3 Vector-Loop Method for Motion Analysis of a Plane Mechanism 240 6.5.4 Kinematic Modelling Based on Denavit-Hartenberg (D-H) Parameters 246 6.5.5 Jacobian Matrix for Velocity Relations 248 6.6 Dynamic Modelling 259 6.6.
1 Inertia and Moments of Inertia 259 6.6.2 Newton-Euler Formulation 261 6.6.3 Lagrangian Method 266 6.7 Kinematic and Dynamics Modelling in Virtual Design 269 6.7.1 Motion Simulation 269 6.
7.2 Model Preparation 271 6.7.3 Creation of a Simulation Model 271 6.7.4 Define Motion Variables 274 6.7.5 Setting Simulation Parameters 275 6.
7.6 Run Simulation and Visualize Motion 275 6.7.7 Analyse Simulation Data 276 6.7.8 Structural Simulation Using Motion Loads 277 6.8 Summary 278 6.9 Design Project 279 References 279 Part II Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) 281 7 Group Technology and Cellular Manufacturing 283 7.
1 Introduction 283 7.2 Manufacturing System and Components 283 7.2.1 Machine Tools 287 7.2.2 Material Handling Tools 289 7.2.3 Fixtures 289 7.
2.4 Assembling Systems and Others 290 7.3 Layouts of Manufacturing Systems 290 7.3.1 Job Shops 290 7.3.2 Flow Shops 291 7.3.
3 Project Shops 292 7.3.4 Continuous Production 292 7.3.5 Cellular Manufacturing 294 7.3.6 Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) 295 7.3.
7 Distributed Manufacturing and Virtual Manufacturing 297 7.3.8 Hardware Reconfiguration Versus System Layout 302 7.4 Group Technology (GT) 303 7.4.1 Visual Inspection 304 7.4.2 Product Classification and Coding 305 7.
4.3 Production Flow Analysis 317 7.5 Cellular Manufacturing 320 7.6 Summary 325 7.7 Design Problems 326 References 328 8 Computer Aided Fixture Design 331 8.1 Introduction 331 8.2 Fixtures in Processes of Discrete Manufacturing 333 8.3 Fixtures and Jigs 335 8.
4 Functional Requirements (FRs) of Fixtures 337 8.5 Fundamentals of Fixture Design 338 8.5.1 3-2-1 Principle 339 8.5.2 Axioms for Geometric Control 339 8.5.3 Axioms for Dimensional Control 341 8.
5.4 Axioms for Mechanical Control 341 8.5.5 Fixturing Cylindrical Workpiece 342 8.5.6 Kinematic and Dynamic Analysis 342 8.6 Types and Elements of Fixture Systems 344 8.6.
1 Supports 345 8.6.2 Types of Fixture Systems 345 8.6.3 Locators 347 8.6.4 Clamps 348 8.6.
5 Flexible Fixtures 348 8.7 Procedure of Fixture Design 354 8.8 Computer Aided Fixture Design 357 8.8.1 Fixture Design Library 357 8.8.2 Interference Detection 359 8.8.
3 Accessibility Analysis 360 8.8.4 Analysis of Deformation and Accuracy 361 8.9 Summary 361 8.10 Design Projects 362 References 363 9 Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) 367 9.1 Introduction 367 9.1.1 Human and Machines in Manufacturing 368 9.
1.2 Automation in Manufacturing 371 9.1.3 Automated Decision-Making Supports 372 9.1.4 Automation in Manufacturing Execution Systems (MESs) 373 9.2 Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) 375 9.