Introduction Chapter One: Literature Review and Critical Notes ISIS as an Opportunity to Confirm Existing Prejudices How Central was the Declaration of a Caliphate? A Generational Revolt? The War Perspective Attempting a Psychological Explanation Chapter Two: From Mujahidin to Jihadis, from Jihad to Jihadism From a Religious Obligation to a Political Identity? A Tension between Salafism and Jihadism in the Jihadi Salafism Chapter Three: The Islamic State's Divergence from al-Qaeda Leadership Dispute after Afghanistan and the Roots of Disagreement Al-Zarqawi and the Conjugation of Sectarianism and Jihadi Salafism A Debate Arises within the Jihadi Salafi Movement Chapter Four: Expand or Perish Background Not Entirely Imported The Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi Phase Chapter Five: Life under ISIS Imposing Hudud: First Comes the Punishment Economic Aspects The Nightmare of ISIS's Daily Dictates The Cultural Makeover and the Failed Attempt to Produce the "New Muslim" Chapter Six: Ideologues The Brutality Required to Manage Savagery Abdullah Ibn Muhammad: How Strategic Thinking Prompted a Jihadi Salafi to Change His Mind The Islamic State's Strategic Plan From Informing Humanity to Pledging Allegiance to al-Baghdadi Extending Hands of Allegiance to al-Baghdadi Between Reality and Illusion, or Debates within the Jihadi Salafi Movement An Addendum in Commentary on Abu Abdullah al-Muhajir's Issues in the Jurisprudence of Jihad Bibliography.