(NOTE: Each chapter begins with an "Introduction" and concludes with "Further Reading." ) I. ORIGIN AND TRANSPORT OF SEDIMENTARY MATERIALS. 1. Weathering, Soils, and Paleoclimates. Subaerial Weathering Processes. Physical Weathering. Chemical Weathering.
Weathering Rates. Products of Subaerial Weathering. Submarine Weathering Processes and Products. Soils. Soil-Forming Processes. Soil Profiles and Soil Classification. Palesols. Recognition of Palesols.
Paleoclimates. Paleoclimate Indicators. Causes of Climatic VariationsForcing Factors. Influence of Climate on the Sedimentary Record. Paleoclimate Modeling. Major Paleoclimatic Patterns on Earth. Concluding Remarks. 2.
Transport and Deposition of Siliciclastic Sediment. Fundamentals of Fluid Flow. Types of Fluids. Laminar versus Turbulent Flow. Reynolds Number. Velocity Profile and Bed Roughness. Boundary Shear Stress. Froude Number.
Particle Transport by Fluids. Particle Entrainment by Currents. Role of Particle Settling Velocity in Transport. Sediment Loads and Transport Paths. Sediment Transport and Bedform Generation. Transport by Wind. Transport by Glacial Ice. Deposits of Fluid Flows.
Particle Transport by Sediment Gravity Flows. Turbidity Currents. Liquefied Flows. Grain Flows. Debris Flows and Mud Flows. II. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS. 3.
Sedimentary Textures. Grain Size. Grain-Size Scales. Measuring Grain Size. Graphical and Mathematical Treatment of Grain-Size Data. Application and Importance of Grain-Size Data. Particle Shape. Particle Form.
Roundness. Surface Texture. Fourier Shape Analysis. Fabric. Grain Orientation. Grain Packing, Grain-to-Grain Relations, and Porosity. 4. Sedimentary Structures.
Kinds of Primary Sedimentary Structures. Stratification and Bedforms. Bedding and Lamination. Ripples and Cross-Bedding. Ripple Cross-Lamination. Flaser and Lenticular Bedding. Hummocky Cross-Stratification. Irregular Stratification.
Bedding-Plane Markings. Markings Generated by Erosion and Deposition. Markings Generated by Deformation: Load Casts. Biogenic Structures. Bedding-Plane Markings of Miscellaneous Origin. Other Structures. Sandstone Dikes and Sills. Structures of Secondary Origin.
Paleocurrent Analysis from Sedimentary Structures. III. COMPOSITION, CLASSIFICATION, AND DIAGENESIS OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS. 5. Siliciclastic Sedimentary Rocks. Sandstones. Framework Mineralogy. Mineral Cements.
Chemical Composition. Classification of Sandstones. Sandstone Maturity. General Characteristics of Major Classes of Sandstones. Conglomerates. Particle Composition. Classification. Origin and Occurrence of Conglomerates.
Shales. Composition. Classification. Origin and Occurrence of Shales. Provenance Significance of Mineral Compositions. Diagenesis. Stages and Realms of Diagenesis. Major Diagenetic Processes and Effects.
6. Carbonate Sedimentary Rocks. Elemental Chemistry. Mineralogy. Limestone Textures. Carbonate Grains. Microcrystalline Calcite. Sparry Calcite.
Dolomite Textures. Structures in Carbonate Rocks. Classification of Carbonate Rocks. Origin of Carbonate Rocks. Limestone. The Role of Organisms in Precipitation of Calcium Carbonate. Dolomites. Other Factors Affecting Early Dolomization.
Diagenesis. Regimes of Carbonate Diagenesis. Major Diagenetic Processes and Changes. Summary Results of Carbonate Diagenesis. 7. Other Chemical/Biochemical and Carbonaceous Sedimentary Rocks. Evaporites. Composition.
Kinds of Evaporites. Origin of Evaporite Deposits. Diagenesis of Evaporites. Siliceous Sedimentary Rocks (Cherts). Mineralogy and Texture. Chemical Composition. Varieties of Chert. Bedded Chert.
Nodular Cherts. Origin of Cherts. Iron-Bearing Sedimentary Rocks. Kinds of Iron-Rich Sedimentary Rocks. Iron-Formations. Ironstones. Iron-Rich Shales. Miscellaneous Iron-Rich Sediments.
Origin of Iron Formations and Ironstones. Sedimentary Phospohrites. Composition of Phosphorites. Characteristics of Phosphate Deposits. Principal Kinds of Phosphorite Deposits. Origin of Phosphorites. Summary of Phosphorite Deposition. An Alternate View.
Carbonaceous Sedimentary Rocks: Coal, Oil Shale, Bitumens. Introduction. Kinds of Organic Matter in Sedimentary Rocks. Classification of Carbonaceous Sedimentary Rocks. Oil Shale (Kerogen Shale). Petroleum and Natural Bitumins. IV. DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS.
8. Principles of Environmental Interpretation and Classification. Concept of Environment. Sedimentary Processes and Products. Sedimentary Process and Response. Facies Associations. Basic Tools of Environmental Analysis. Classification of Depositional Environments.
Facies Models. Definition of Models. Types of Facies Models. Construction and Use of Models. 9. Continental Environments. Fluvial Systems. Alluvial Fans.
River Systems. Eolian Desert Systems. Introduction. Transport and Depositional Process. Deposits of Modern Deserts. Kinds of Eolian Systems. Bounding Surfaces in Eolian Deposits. Ancient Desert Deposits.
Lacustrine Systems. Origin and Size of Lakes. Sedimentation Processes in Lakes. Characteristics of Lacustrine Deposits. Recognition of Ancient Lake Deposits. Examples of Ancient Lake Deposits. Glacial Systems. Introduction.
Environmental Setting. Transport and Deposition in Glacial Environments. Glacial Facies. Continental Ice Facies. Marine Glacial Facies. Vertical Facies Successions. Ancient Glacial Deposits. 10.
Marginal Marine Environments. Delta.