Released to coincide with the 20th anniversary of the end of Apartheid in South Africa, this is a fully revised and updated edition of a best-selling work of political analysis. Patrick Bond, a former adviser to the African National Congress (ANC), investigates how groups such as the ANC went from being a force of liberation to a vehicle now perceived as serving the economic interests of an elite few. This edition includes new analysis looking at the 2004 election and the crisis which shook the country following the massacre of miners at Marikana in 2012. Bond also asses the historiography of the transition written since 2000 from nationalist, liberal and radical perspectives, and replies to critics of his work, both from liberal and nationalist perspectives.The provocative and though-provoking final chapter, 'From Racial to Class Apartheid', is a compelling conclusion to this essential text on post-Apartheid South Africa, which will be vital reading for all who study or have an interest in this part of the continent, and in social change more widely.