List of FiguresList of MapsIntroduction: The Problem of Defining IslamPart I: Islamic Origins:1. The Conquests:Psychological ImpactArchaeological Data: The "Invisible " ConquestsResources for Further Study2. Arabia:Pre-Islamic PoetryThe Book of IdolsMecca and the QurayshThe Gifts of the ArabsResources for Further Study3. The Pre-Islamic Near East:Christianity in the Near EastReligion in the S 's 'nian EmpireThe Place of the Arabs in the Near EastResources for Further Study4. Religion of Empire:Arab Colonial PolicyThe Problem of ConversionThe Nature of LeadershipThe Dome of the RockThe Constitution of MedinaResources for Further StudyPart II: The Formation of the Islamic Tradition:5. The Qur ' 'n:The History of the TextThe Qur ' 'n in Muslim PietyInterpreting The Qur ' 'nResources for Further Study6. The Life of Muhammad:Prologue and SettingBirth and ChildhoodEarly AdulthoodThe Beginning of RevelationOppositionThe Night Journey and Ascent to HeavenThe HijraVictory and DefeatThe Peace of Al-Hudaybiyya and the Farewell PilgrimageResources for Further Study7. The Tradition LiteratureThe Science of Had îthThe Exegetical Origins of Had îthIn Quest of the Historical MuhammadThe S îra and the Shaping of an Islamic World ViewResources for Further StudyPart III: Islamic Institutions:8.
The Caliphate:The Sh î ' î VisionSh î ' îsm and the 'Abb 'sid RevolutionTwelversThe Ism ' ' îl îsThe Niz 'r î "Assassins "The Kh 'rijitesThe S 's 'nian RevivalAl-M 'ward î and the Sunn î CompromiseResources for Further Study9. Islamic Law:The Coffee DebateRevelation and ReasonQiy 'sThe Schools of LawIslamic Law and the StateIjm ' 'The Us ûl Al-FiqhThe Substance of the LawRitual PurityActs of WorshipThe Origins of Islamic LawResources for Further Study10. Islamic Theology & Philosophy:Freedom and DeterminismGod 's AttributesFaith and WorksLeadershipThe Sunn î ConsensusAhmad ibn Hanbalal-Ash 'ar îal-Ash 'ar î and Kal 'mThe Theological EnvironmentThe Challenge Of PhilosophyProphecy and Revelation in Islamic PhilosophyPhilosophy and MysticismResources for Further Study11. S ûf îsm:Stages on the PathThe Spiritual MasterS ûf î BrotherhoodsS ûf î RitualThe DestinationS ûf î CosmologyS ûf îsm in History: The Case of al-Hall 'jBeginnings to the Tenth CenturyClassical Manuals and the Growth of Tar îqasThe Pervasiveness of S ûf îsmResources for Further StudyPart IV: Crisis and Renewal in Islamic History:12. Turks, Crusaders and Mongols:The Salj ûqsAl-Ghaz 'l î and the Sunn î RevivalSlave SoldiersThe CrusadesThe MongolsThe Impact of the Mongol InvasionsResources for Further Study13. Encounter with the West:The Ottoman, Saf 'vid and Mughal EmpiresThe Rise of European PowerThe Religious EnvironmentThe 'Ulam ' ' and the EmpiresTrends in S ûf îsmThe Wahh 'b îsJih 'd MovementsAl-Afgh 'n îSayyid Ahmad Kh 'n and 'Al îgarhResources for Further Study14. Islam and Modernity:From Caliphate to Nation-StateThe Idea of the Islamic StateFrom Shar î 'a to Secular Law and BackA New Kal 'm?The Vitality of S ûf îsmResources for Further StudyEpilogue: Islam in a Postmodern WorldBibliographyIndex.