List of Figures.List of Maps.Introduction: The Problem of Defining Islam.Part I: Islamic Origins:.1. The Conquests:.Psychological Impact.Archaeological Data: The "Invisible" Conquests.
Resources for Further Study.2. Arabia:.Pre-Islamic Poetry.The Book of Idols.Mecca and the Quraysh.The Gifts of the Arabs.Resources for Further Study.
3. The Pre-Islamic Near East:.Christianity in the Near East.Religion in the Sasanian Empire.The Place of the Arabs in the Near East.Resources for Further Study.4. Religion of Empire:.
Arab Colonial Policy.The Problem of Conversion.The Nature of Leadership.The Dome of the Rock.The Constitution of Medina.Resources for Further Study.Part II: The Formation of the Islamic Tradition:.5.
The Qur'an:.The History of the Text.The Qur'an in Muslim Piety.Interpreting The Qur'an.Resources for Further Study.6. The Life of Muhammad:.Prologue and Setting.
Birth and Childhood.Early Adulthood.The Beginning of Revelation.Opposition.The Night Journey and Ascent to Heaven.The Hijra.Victory and Defeat.The Peace of Al-Hudaybiyya and the Farewell Pilgrimage.
Resources for Further Study.7. The Tradition Literature.The Science of Hadith.The Exegetical Origins of Hadith.In Quest of the Historical Muhammad.The Sira and the Shaping of an Islamic World View.Resources for Further Study.
Part III: Islamic Institutions:.8. The Caliphate:.The Shi'i Vision.Shi'ism and the 'Abbasid Revolution.Twelvers.The Isma 'ilis.The Nizari "Assassins".
The Kharijites.The Sasanian Revival.Al-Mawardi and the Sunni Compromise.Resources for Further Study.9. Islamic Law:.The Coffee Debate.Revelation and Reason.
Qiyas.The Schools of Law.Islamic Law and the State.Ijma'.The Usul Al-Fiqh.The Substance of the Law.Ritual Purity.Acts of Worship.
The Origins of Islamic Law.Resources for Further Study.10. Islamic Theology & Philosophy:.Freedom and Determinism.God's Attributes.Faith and Works.Leadership.
The Sunni Consensus.Ahmad ibn Hanbal.al-Ash'ari.al-Ash'ari and Kalam.The Theological Environment.The Challenge Of Philosophy.Prophecy and Revelation in Islamic Philosophy.Philosophy and Mysticism.
Resources for Further Study.11. Sufism:.Stages on the Path.The Spiritual Master.Sufi Brotherhoods.Sufi Ritual.The Destination.
Sufi Cosmology.Sufism in History: The Case of al-Hallaj.Beginnings to the Tenth Century.Classical Manuals and the Growth of Tariqas.The Pervasiveness of Sufism.Resources for Further Study.Part IV: Crisis and Renewal in Islamic History:.12.
Turks, Crusaders and Mongols:.The Saljuqs.Al-Ghazali and the Sunni Revival.Slave Soldiers.The Crusades.The Mongols.The Impact of the Mongol Invasions.Resources for Further Study.
13. Encounter with the West:.The Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal Empires.The Rise of European Power.The Religious Environment.The 'Ulama' and the Empires.Trends in Sufism.The Wahhabis.
Jihad Movements.Al-Afghani.Sayyid Ahmad Khan and 'Aligarh.Resources for Further Study.14. Islam and Modernity:.From Caliphate to Nation-State.The Idea of the Islamic State.
From Shari'a to Secular Law and Back.A New Kalam?.The Vitality of Sufism.Resources for Further Study.