List of Figures List of MapsIntroduction: The Problem of Defining IslamPart I: Islamic Origins:1. The Conquests:Psychological ImpactArchaeological Data: The "Invisible" ConquestsResources for Further Study2. Arabia:Pre-Islamic PoetryThe Book of IdolsMecca and the QurayshThe Gifts of the ArabsResources for Further Study3. The Pre-Islamic Near East:Christianity in the Near EastReligion in the S's'nian EmpireThe Place of the Arabs in the Near EastResources for Further Study4. Religion of Empire:Arab Colonial PolicyThe Problem of ConversionThe Nature of LeadershipThe Dome of the RockThe Constitution of MedinaResources for Further StudyPart II: The Formation of the Islamic Tradition:5. The Qur''n:The History of the TextThe Qur''n in Muslim PietyInterpreting The Qur''nResources for Further Study6. The Life of Muhammad:Prologue and SettingBirth and ChildhoodEarly AdulthoodThe Beginning of RevelationOppositionThe Night Journey and Ascent to HeavenThe HijraVictory and DefeatThe Peace of Al-Hudaybiyya and the Farewell PilgrimageResources for Further Study7. The Tradition LiteratureThe Science of HadîthThe Exegetical Origins of HadîthIn Quest of the Historical MuhammadThe Sîra and the Shaping of an Islamic World ViewResources for Further StudyPart III: Islamic Institutions:8.
The Caliphate:The Shî'î VisionShî'îsm and the 'Abb'sid RevolutionTwelversThe Ism' 'îlîsThe Niz'rî "Assassins"The Kh'rijitesThe S's'nian RevivalAl-M'wardî and the Sunnî CompromiseResources for Further Study9. Islamic Law:The Coffee DebateRevelation and ReasonQiy'sThe Schools of LawIslamic Law and the StateIjm''The Usûl Al-FiqhThe Substance of the LawRitual PurityActs of WorshipThe Origins of Islamic LawResources for Further Study10. Islamic Theology & Philosophy:Freedom and DeterminismGod's AttributesFaith and WorksLeadershipThe Sunnî ConsensusAhmad ibn Hanbalal-Ash'arîal-Ash'arî and Kal'mThe Theological EnvironmentThe Challenge Of PhilosophyProphecy and Revelation in Islamic PhilosophyPhilosophy and MysticismResources for Further Study11. Sûfîsm:Stages on the PathThe Spiritual MasterSûfî BrotherhoodsSûfî RitualThe DestinationSûfî CosmologySûfîsm in History: The Case of al-Hall'jBeginnings to the Tenth CenturyClassical Manuals and the Growth of TarîqasThe Pervasiveness of SûfîsmResources for Further StudyPart IV: Crisis and Renewal in Islamic History:12. Turks, Crusaders and Mongols:The SaljûqsAl-Ghaz'lî and the Sunnî RevivalSlave SoldiersThe CrusadesThe MongolsThe Impact of the Mongol InvasionsResources for Further Study13. Encounter with the West:The Ottoman, Saf'vid and Mughal EmpiresThe Rise of European PowerThe Religious EnvironmentThe 'Ulam'' and the EmpiresTrends in SûfîsmThe Wahh'bîsJih'd MovementsAl-Afgh'nîSayyid Ahmad Kh'n and 'AlîgarhResources for Further Study14. Islam and Modernity:From Caliphate to Nation-StateThe Idea of the Islamic StateFrom Sharî'a to Secular Law and BackA New Kal'm?The Vitality of SûfîsmResources for Further StudyEpilogue: Islam in a Postmodern World BibliographyIndex.