Contents Acknowledgments List of Figures and Tables Abbreviations 1 Introduction: Crises of Market Democracy 1 Crises of Market Democracy in Latin America and Europe and Populist Responses 2 Theoretical and Empirical Contributions2 Literature Discussion and Conceptual Clarification: Party Building and Movement-Party Relationships 1 Party-Building: Brand Development and Societal Connections 2 Brand Dilution and Popular Responses 3 Brand Building and Electoralism 4 Brand Dilution and Opposition Power 5 Vertical Interest Aggregation and (In)Organic Linkages 6 An Iron Law of Oligarchy? Movement Organization-Party Relations 7 Challenging the ANP Leadership from Inside: Organic Linkages and Autonomy 8 Challenging the ANP Leadership from Outside: Contestatory Mobilization 9 Summary and Central Questions3 Methodological Approach and Theoretical Framework 1 Methodology 2 Theoretical Framework and Hypotheses4 The Venezuela Case: Narrowing and Shallowing of Democracy in Venezuela 1 Antecedent Era: Protests, Brand Building, and Party-base Linkages 2 Trajectories of Popular Power in the Aftermath of Chávez' Electoral Surge 3 Popular Organization Critique of Brand Dilution, 2013-2026 4 PSUV Responses to Critique 5 PSUV Impact on the Venezuelan Party System5 The Greek Case 1 Narrowing and Shallowing of Democracy in Greece 2 Antecedent Era: Protests, Brand Building, and Party-Base Linkages 3 Trajectories of Popular Power in the Aftermath of SYRIZA's Electoral Victory 4 SYRIZA's Impact on the Greek Party System6 The Spanish Case 1 Narrowing and Shallowing of Democracy in Spain 2 Antecedent Era: Protests, Brand Building, and Party Base Linkages 3 Trajectories of Popular Power in the Aftermath of Podemos' Electoral Surge 4 The Decline of Podemos, Sumar's Emergence, and a Divided Movement Field, 2023-2026 5 Podemos' Impact on the Spanish Party System7 The Bolivian Case 1 Narrowing and Shallowing of Democracy in Bolivia 2 Antecedent Era: Protests, Brand Building, and Party Base Linkages 3 Trajectories of Popular Power in the Aftermath of MAS' Electoral Victory 4 MAS' Impact on the Bolivian Party System8 Venezuelan, Greek, Spanish, and Bolivian Cases in Comparative Perspective 1 Case Summary 1: Venezuela 2 Case Summary 2: Greece 3 Case Summary 3: Spain 4 Case Summary 4: Bolivia9 Concluding Thoughts 1 Summary of Findings 2 To Moderate, or Not or Not to Moderate, That Is the Question 3 To Build the Base and Then the Party, or Build the Party and Then the Base, That Is the Question Too 4 Democratic Malaise, the Far-Right, and the Challenge for the Left Bibliography Indexo9.