Chapter 1. The Origins of North AmericansIntroductionDocument 1: "Where the First People Came from," C. Douglas Ellis, ed., Cree Legends from the West Coast of James Bay (Winnipeg: U of Manitoba Press, 1995)Document 2: from Jose de Acosta Historia Natural y Moral de las Indias 1590, vol. I (London: The Haklyt Society, 1880)Reading 1: from Diamond Jenness, ed., The American Aborigines: Their Origins and Antiquity (NY, 1933)Reading 2: from K.R. Fladmark, "Routes: Alternate Migration Corridors for Early Man in North America," American Antiquiry, 44 (1979)Reading 3: from J.
M. Adovasio, "The Ones that Will Not Go Away: A Biased View of Pre-Clovis Populations in the New World," in Olga Saffir and N.D. Praslov, eds., From Kostenki to Clovis: Upper Paleolithic-Paleo-Indian Adaptations (NY and London: Plenum Press, 1933)Reading 4: from E. James Dixon, "Learning from Those Who Have Gone Before," Bones, Boats and Bison: Archaeology and the First Colonization of Western North America (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1999)Reading 5: from Anne McIlroy, "Who were the first North Americans," The Globe and Mail, 6 Sept. 2003Suggestions for further reading:Davis, Nigel, Voyagers to the New World (NY: William Morrow and Co., 1979).
A sensible presentation of alternate scenarios of North American origins.Dewar, Elaine, Bones: Discovering the First Americans (Toronto: Random House Canada, 2001). A journalist explores the politics of the scientific issues of the origins debate.Dixon E. James, Bones, Boats and Bison: Archaeology and the First Colonization of Western North America (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1999). A Good discussion of recent findings.Fagan, Brian M., Ancient North America: The Archaeology of a Continent (3rd ed.
, NY: Thames and Hudson, 2000). A useful summary of conventional wisdom.Chapter 2. The Missionaries and the First NationsIntroductionDocument 2: from Joyce Marshall, ed., Word from New France: The Selected Letters of Marie de l''Incarnation (Toronto: OUP, 1967)Reading 1: from Francis Parkman, The Jesuits in North America in the Seventeenth Century (vol 1, Toronto: George Morang and Company, 1900)Reading 2: from J.H. Kennedy, Jesuit and Savage in New France (New Haven: Yale UP, 1950)Reading 3: from Denys Delage, Bitter Feast: Amerindians and Europeans in Northeastern North America, 1600-1664 (Vancouver: UBC Press, 1993)Reading 4: from Carole Blackburn, Harvest of Souls: The Jesuit Missions and Colonialism in North America, 1632-1650 (Montreal and London: McGill-Queens UP, 2000)Suggestions for further reading:Blackburn, Carole, Harvest of Souls: The Jesuit Missions and Colonialism in North America, 1632-1650 (Montreal and London: McGill-Queens UP, 2000). A critical study of the missionary thrust in early Canada.
Kennedy, J.H. Jesuit and Savage in New France (New Haven: Yale UP, 1950). This is the standard modern account from the missionary perspective.Parkman, Francis, The Jesuits in North America in the Seventeenth Century (many editions). The classic nineteenth-century romantic story of the missionaries.Thwaites, Reuben Gold, ed., The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents: Travels and Explorations of the Jesuit Missionaries in New France 1610-1791 (73 vol.
in 35), NY: Pageant Books, 1959. The missionary case is presented in the words of the missionaries themselves.Chapter 3. The Seigneurial System in CanadaIntroductionDocument 1: from Edicts, Ordinances, Declarations and Decrees relative to the Seigniorial Tenure (Quebec, 1852)Document 2: Report of General James Murray on the State of Canada under French Administration, 5 June 1762," in W.B. Munro, ed., Documents relating to the Seigniorial Tenure in Canada (Toronto: Champlain Society, 1907)Reading 1: from Francis Parkman, The Old Regime in Canada, II (Toronto: George N. Morang and Co.
, 1899)Reading 2: from Marcel Tudel, The Seigneurial Regime (Ottawa: Canadian Historical Association, 1971)Reading 3: from Richard Colebrook Harris, The Seigneurial Regime in Early Canada: A Geographical Study (Madison, Wisc., 1966)Reading 4: from "Seigniorial Tenure in New France, 1688-1739: An Essay on Income Distribution and Retarded Economic Development," Historical Reflections, X:2 (1983)Suggestions for further reading:Dechene, Louise, Habitants and merchants in seventeenth-century Montreal (Montreal: McGill-Queens UP, 1992). Despite its title, a broadranging picture of rural Canada. The study is based on much research and quantitative data in the French Annales tradition.Harris, R. Cole, The Seigneurial System in Early Canada: A Geographical Study (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1966). This is the most influential modern study, by and large, dubious of Old World origins.Munro, William Bennett, ed.
, Documents relating to the Seigniorial Tenure in Canada, 1598-1854 (Toronto: The Champlain Society, 1908). The best collection of printed documents, most of which are published only in the French originals.Munro, William Bennett, The Seigniorial System in Canada: A Study in French Colonial Policy (NY: Longmans, 1907). The author''s analysis of the documents he later reprinted.Chapter 4. The Expulsion of the Acadians, 1755IntroductionDocument 1: excerpt from 1755 council minutes, in Thomas B. Akins, ed., Acadia and Nova Scotia: Documents Relating to the Acadian French and the First British Colonization of the Province 1714-1758 (Halifax, 1870)Document 2: Governor Lawrence to Board of Trade, 18 July 1755, in Akins, ibid.
Reading 1: from C. Bruce Fergusson, "The Expulsion of the Acadians," Dalhousie Review, 35 (1955-6)Reading 2: from Naomi Griffiths, The Contexts of Acadian History 1686-1784 (Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queens UP, 1992)Reading 3: from Charles D. Mahaffie Jr., A Land of Discord Always: Acadia from its Beginning to the Expulsion of its People 1604-1755 (Camden, Maine: Down East Books)Reading 4: from Earl Lockerby, "The Deportation of the Acadians from Ile St. Jean, 1758," Acadiensis, XXVII (spring, 1998)Suggestions for further readingClark, Andrew Hill, Acadia: The Geography of Nova Scotia to 1760 (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1981). A full study of the historical geography of Acadia.Daigle, Jean, ed., The Acadians of the Maritimes: Thematic Studies (Moncton: Centre d''etudes acadienne, 1982).
A collection of essays on the history of the Acadians from the seventeenth century to the present.Griffiths, Naomi, The Acadians: Creation of A People (Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1969). Usually regarded as the standard account.Plank, Geoffrey, An Unsettled Conquest: The British Campaign Against the Peoples of Acadia (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001). A recent account by an American-based scholar.Chapter 5. The Quebec Act, 1774IntroductionDocument 1: from The Quebec Act, in Adam Shortt and Arthur G. Doughty, eds.
, Documents relating to the Constitutional History of Canada 1759-1791 (Ottawa: King''s Printer, 1907)Document 2: Guy Carleton to Lord Dorchester, 11 November 1774, in ibid.Reading 1: from Coffin, Victor, The Province of Quebec and the Early American Revolution (Madison, WI: The University, 1896)Reading 2: from Hilda Neatby, Quebec: The Revolutionary Age, 1760-1791 (Toronto: MandS, 1966)Reading 3: excerpt from Gustav Lanctot, Canada and the American Revolution, 1774-1784 (Toronto and Vancouver, 1967)Reading 4: excerpt from Philip Lawson, The Imperial Challenge: Quebec and Britain in the Age of the American Revolution (Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queens UP, 1989)Suggestions for further reading:Burt, Alfred Leroy, The Old Province of Quebec (Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1933). A very old study that has stood the test of time.Neatby, Hilda, The Quebec Act: Protest and Policy (Scarborough: Prentice-Hall of Canada, 1972). A useful compendium of historical writing on the Quebec Act.Neatby, Hilda, Quebec: The Revolutionary Age, 1760-1791 (Toronto: MandS, 1966). This work, while quite dated in some respects, remains the most judicious overall view of the Quebec Act in the context of the larger history of Quebec.Chapter 6.
The LoyalistsDocument 1: The Petition of 55 Loyalists, 22 July 1783, in Vindication of Governor Parr and his Council (London, 1784)Document 2: A Memorial of Samuel Hakes and 600 others, 15 August 1783, in Ibid.Document 3: The Diary of Sarah Frost, 1783, in Walter Bates, Kingston and the Loyalists of the "Spring Fleet" of 1783 (Fredericton: Non-Entity Press, 1980)Reading 1: from Rev. Nathaniel Burwash, "U.E. Loyalists, Founders of Our Institutions," United Empire Loyalist Association, Annual Transactions, 1904-1911Reading 2: from Mary Beth Norton, "Eighteenth-Century American Women in Peace and War: The Case of the Loyalists," William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd ser., 33 (1976)Reading 3: from James W. St. G.
Walker, "The Establishment of a Free Black Community in Nova Scotia, 1783-1840," in Martin L. Kilson and Robert Rotberg, eds., The African Diaspora: Interpretive Readings (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1976)Reading 4: from Norman Knowles, Inventing the Loyalists: The Ontario Loyalists Tradition and the Creation of Usable Pasts (Toronto: UTP, 1997)Suggestions for further reading:Brown, Wallace, and Hereward Senior, Victorious in Defeat: The Loyalists in Canada (Toronto: Methuen, 1984). Perhaps the best recent general synthesis.Condon, Ann Gorman, The Envy of the American States: The Loyalist Dream for New Brunswick (Fredericton: New Ireland Press, 1984). A study of the experiences of the twenty members of the Loyalist elite in the new province of New Brunswick.Graymont, Barbara, The Iroquois in the American Revolution (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1972). Still the best study of how a number of Iroquois ended up as Loyalists in Canada.
MacKinnon, Neil, This Unfriendly Soil: The Loyalists Experience in Nova Scotia, 1781-1791 (Kingston and Montreal: McGill-Queen''s UP, 1986). A detailed study of the Loyalist settlement of Nova Scotia.Chapter 7. The Western Fur Trad.