Introduction; Part I. The International Legal Framework: 1. Jus ad Bellum and the protection of civilians; 2. Protection of civilians under international humanitarian law; 3. Protection of civilians under human rights law; 4. The protection of refugees; 5. Disarmament law and the protection of civilians; 6. International criminal law and the protection of civilians; 7.

The prohibition of sexual and gender-based violence; Part II. Specific Protection of Certain High-Risk Groups: 8. Protection of women in armed conflict; 9. Protection of children in armed conflict; 10. Protection of persons with disabilities in armed conflict; 11. Protection of older persons in armed conflict; 12. Protection of medical and humanitarian personnel; 13. Protection of internally displaced persons; 14.

Protection of LGBTI civilians; Part III. State and Institutional Policies on the Protection of Civilians: 15. The United Nations and the protection of civilians; 16. NATO and the protection of civilians; 17. The African Union and the protection of civilians; 18. The European Union and the protection of civilians; 19. The ICRC and the protection of civilians; 20. Switzerland and the protection of civilians; 21.

The United Kingdom and the protection of civilians; 22. The United States and the protection of civilians; 23. Brazil and the protection of civilians; 24. India and the protection of civilians; 25. Norway and the protection of civilians; 26. South Africa and the protection of civilians; 27. The future of protecting civilians; Conclusion; Appendices: Appendix 1. Overview of relevant international law; Appendix 2.

The two types of armed conflict under International Humanitarian Law.