Preface and Acknowledgment ix 1 Introduction: Facing Global Realities 1 Facing Global Realities 1 Food Systems 4 Food Safety Systems 7 Supply Connecting with Demand 9 Comparing Food Safety Systems 12 Methodology for the First Two Surveys 14 Limitations 15 Highlights 19 2 How Was Canada Doing in 2010? A Comparative Analysis 21 How Was Canada Doing? A Comparative Analysis 21 Highlights 22 Consumer Affairs 23 Biosecurity 23 Governance and Recall 23 Traceability and Management 24 How Canada Got Here 24 Industry and the Canadian Government 30 Industry and the United States 34 Beyond BSE: Food Safety and Trades 35 3 Consumer Affairs 41 Connecting with the consumer 41 Analysis of Ranking Data 42 Incidences of Reported Illness by Foodborne Pathogens 42 Rates of Inspections and Audits 46 Food Safety Education Programs 49 Labeling and Indications of Allergens 50 Ease of Access to Public Health Information 52 Investigation on Consumer Affairs 53 Incidences of Reported Illness by Foodborne Pathogens 53 Rates of Inspections and Audits 56 Food Safety Education Programs 56 Labeling and Indications of Allergens 57 Discussion 57 4 Biosecurity 63 Bioterrorism 66 Analysis of Ranking Data 68 Rate of Use of Agricultural Chemicals 68 Bioterrorism Strategy 70 Investigation on Biosecurity 72 Rate of Use of Agricultural Chemicals 72 Discussion 75 5 Governance and Recalls 85 Governance and Recalls in the Food Safety Performance World Ranking Initiative 87 Existence of Risk Management Plans 88 Analysis of Ranking Data 88 Level of Clarity and Stability of Food Recall Regulations 90 Number of Protectionist Measures Against Trading Partners 92 Number of Recalls 94 Investigation on Governance and Recalls 96 Existence of Risk Management Plans 96 Level of Clarity and Stability of Food Recall Regulations 98 Number of Protectionist Measures Against Trading Partners 100 Number of Recalls 100 Discussion 101 6 Traceability and Management 107 Traceability and Management in the Food Safety Performance World Ranking Initiative 107 Analysis of Ranking Data 109 Depth of Traceability Systems in Food Chain 109 Investigation on Traceability and Management 111 Discussion 114 Canada''s Traceability Unpacked 116 The Role of Business: Top?-Down or Bottom?-Up Traceability 118 2008 Listeriosis Outbreak 119 2003 BSE Cow 121 Traceability and Trade 124 Technology and the Future 125 7 The 2014 Survey 129 A New Approach 129 Purpose 130 Methodology 131 Food Safety Risk Assessment 132 Chemical Risks 133 Microbial Risks 136 National Food Consumption Reporting 144 Inspections and Audits 148 Food Safety Risk Management 148 National Food Safety Response Capacity 149 Food Recalls 151 Food Traceability 154 Radionuclide Standards 155 Food Safety Risk Communication 157 Allergenic Risks and Labeling 158 Public Trust 160 National Food Safety System Performances Compared 161 What This New 2014 Version Means 162 8 The Future of Global Food Safety Systems and Risk Intelligence 167 Changing Agricultural Production Strategies 168 One Earth Farms 169 Terroir Potential 171 Possible Effects on Global Food Safety Systems 173 Other Policy and Managerial Implications 174 On the Question of GMOs 176 Assessment of Current and Evolving Systemic Risks in Food Safety 185 Increased Global Trade 185 Taking Everyone Off the Farm in an Era of Rapid Change 187 Shifting Food Safety Responsibilities Between Public and Private Sectors 190 Risk Aversion 191 References 193 Index 213.