1. BASICS OF MINERAL RESOURCES FOR CEMENT PRODUCTION 1.1 PREAMBLE 1.2 CHARACTERIZATION OF MINERALS AND ROCKS 1.3 NATURE OF LIMESTONE OCCURRENCE 1.4 ASSESSMENT OF LIMESTONE DEPOSITS 1.5 MINERAL COMPOSITION AND QUALITY OF LIMESTONE 1.6 LIMETONE MINING 1.
7 QUARRY DESIGN AND OPERATIONAL OPTIMIZATION 1.8 ARGILLACEOUS MATERIALS 1.9 CORRECTIVE MATERIALS 1.10 NATURAL GYPSUM 1.11 INFLUENCE of Raw Materials ON THE UNIT OPERATIONS 1.12 SUMMARY 1.13 REFERENCES 2. RAW MIX PROPORTIONING, PROCESSING AND BURNABILITY ASSESSMENT 2.
1 PREAMBLE 2.2 STOICHIOMETRIC REQUIREMENTS IN RAW MIX COMPUTATION 2.3 RAW MIX COMPUTATION 2.4 PREPARATION PROCESS FOR RAW MIX 2.5 BURNABILITY FEATURES OF RAW MIX 2.6 USE OF MINERALIZERS 2.7 SUMMARY 2.8 REFERENCES 3.
FUELS COMMONLY IN USE FOR CLINKER PRODUCTION 3.1 PREAMBLE 3.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF FUEL 3.3 COAL RESOURCES OF THE WORLD 3.4 BASIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF COMBUSTION 3.5 COAL PREPARATION AND FIRING 3.6 RELATION OF PROCESS PARAMETERS WITH COMBUSTION 3.7 PETCOKE AS A SUBSTITUTE FUEL 3.
8 SUMMARY 3.9 REFERENCES 4. ALTERNATIVE FUELS AND RAW MATERIALS 4.1 PREAMBLE 4.2 BROAD CLASSIFICATION 4.3 FEASIBILITY OF AN AFR PROJECT 4.4 INVENTORY AND MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS 4.5 SYSTEMATIC QUALITY ASSESSMENT 4.
6 CO-PROCESSING OF ALTERNATIVE FUELS 4.7 SYSTEMIC REQUIREMENTS FOR USING ALERNATIVE FUELS 4.8 GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY 4.9 ALTERNATIVE RAW MATERIALS 4.10 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS 4.11 SUMMARY 4.12 REFERENCES 5. PYROPROCESSING AND CLINKER COOLING 5.
1 PREAMBLE 5.2 CLINKER FORMATION PROCESS 5.3 PREHEATER-PRECALCINER SYSTEMS 5.4 ROTARY KILN SYSTEMS 5.5 KILN BURNERS AND COMBUSTION 5.6 CLINKER COOLERS 5.7 VOLATILES CYCLE IN PREHEATER-PRECALCINER KILN SYSTEMS 5.8 REFRACTORY LINING MATERIALS IN THE KILN SYSTEM 5.
9 ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND KILN EMISSIONS 5.10 KILN CONTROL STRATEGIES 5.11 SUMMARY 5.12 REFERENCES 6. CLINKER GRINDING AND CEMENT MAKING 6.1 PREAMBLE 6.2 CLINKER CHARACTERISTICS 6.3 CLINKER GRINDING SYSTEMS 6.
4 ENERGY CONSERVATION AND MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS 6.5 GRINDING AIDS IN CEMENT MANUFACTURE 6.6 STORAGE, DISPATCH AND BAGGING OF CEMENT 6.7 SUMMARY 6.8 REFERENCES 7. COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF PORTLAND CEMENTS 7.1 PREAMBLE: THE ADVENT OF PORTLAND CEMENTS 7.2 BASIC GRADES AND VARIETIES 7.
3 CHARACTERISTICS OF PORTLAND CEMENTS 7.4 PHASE-MODIFIED PORTLAND CEMENTS 7.5 BLENDED PORTLAND CEMENTS 7.6 CHARACTERIZATION OF CEMENTS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS OF PROPERTIES 7.7 OVERVIEW OF THE HYDRATION REACTIONS 7.8 CEMENT FOR DURABLE CONCRETE 7.9 SUMMARY 7.10 REFERENCES 8.
ADVANCES IN PLANT-BASED QUALITY CONTROL PRACTICE 8.1 PREAMBLE 8.2 SAMPLING GUIDELINES 8.3 SAMPLING STATIONS IN CEMENT PLANTS 8.4 COMPUTER-AIDED RUN-OF-MINE LIMESTONE QUALITY CONTROL 8.5 PRE-BLENDING OPERATION 8.6 RAW MIX CONTROL 8.7 KILN OPERATION MONITORING 8.
8 CEMENT GRINDING PROCESS 8.9 X-RAY DIFFRACTOMETRY FOR PHASE ANALYSIS 8.10 ON-LINE QUALITY CONTROL IN CEMENT PLANTS 8.11 FLUE GAS ANALYSIS 8.12 8.14 SUMMARY 8.15 REFERENCES 9. ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION AND POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9.
1 PREAMBLE 9.2 POLLUTANTS EMITTED TO ATMOSPHERE DURING THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT 9.3 GENERATION AND BROAD CHARACTERISTICS OF DUST 9.4 SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSION 9.5 NITROGEN OXIDE EMISSION 9.6 NOISE POLLUTION 9.7 SELECTED MONITORING TECHNIQUES 9.8 CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL OUTLOOK 9.
9 SUMMARY 9.10 REFERENCES 10 TRENDS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CEMENT MANUFACTURE AND APPLICATION 10.1 PREAMBLE 10.2 SUSTAINING TECHNOLOGIES IN THE GROWTH OF CEMENT INDUSTRY 10.3 STATUS OF POTENTIALLY DISRUPTIVE PYROPROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES 10.4 PORTLAND CEMENT DERIVATIVES WITH NICHE APPLICATION POTENTIAL 10.5 COMPLEX BUILDING PRODUCTS FORMULATION WITH CAC 10.6 RESEARCH THRUST TOWARDS LOW-CARBON CEMENT INDUSTRY 10.
7 TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS FOR CONVERTING CO2 INTO FUEL PRODUCTS 10.8 LOW CARBON CEMENTS AND CONCRETE 10.9 NANOTECHNOLOGY IN CEMENT RESEARCH 10.10 NONHYDRAULIC CEMENTS 10.11 SUMMARY 10.12 REFERENCES 11 GLOBAL AND REGIONAL GROWTH TRENDS IN CEMENT PRODUCTION 11.1 PREAMBLE 11.2 CAPACITY AND PRODUCTION GROWTH PERSPECTIVES 11.
3 NATIONAL ECONOMY VERSUS CEMENT CONSUMPTION 11.4 CHANGE DRIVERS OF PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF CEMENT 11.5 FUTURE DESIGNS OF CEMENT PLANTS 11.6 GROWTH OF THE INDIAN CEMENT INDUSTRY ¿ A CASE STUDY 11.7 REFERENCES EPILOGUE.