Foreword xiii Acknowledgments xvii Chapter 1: What is Scenario-based e-learning 1 Scenario-Based e-Learning: A First Look 2 What Do You think? 4 Scenario-Based e-Learning Defined 5 Scenario-Based vs. Directive Training Environments 7 What Scenario-Based e-Learning Is Not 10 Six Reasons to Consider Scenario-Based e-Learning Now 12 What Do You Think? Revisited 14 Coming Next 15 Additional Resources 15 Scenario-Based e-Learning and You: Why Now? 16 Chapter 2: When to Use Scenario-based e-learning 17 Consider Scenario-Based e-Learning for Strategic Tasks 18 What Do You Think? 18 Situations That Call for Scenario-Based e-Learning 19 Eight Scenario-Based Learning Domains 22 Scenario-Based Multimedia Interfaces 26 Meet the Scenario-Based e-Learning Samples 31 Coming Next 31 Additional Resources 31 Scenario-Based e-Learning and You: Your Scenario-Based e-Learning Opportunities 32 Chapter 3: Design of Scenario-based e-learning 35 Overview of a Scenario-Based e-Learning Design Model 35 Modes and Media in Scenario-Based e-Learning 42 Coming Next 44 Additional Resources 44 Scenario-Based e-Learning and You: Your Draft Design Model 45 Chapter 4: Defining Scenario Outcomes 47 Outcome Deliverables for Learning Domains 48 Assess the Complexity of your Outcome Responses 48 What Do You Think? 52 Translate Your Learning Objectives 53 Scenario Outcomes and Multimedia Interfaces 56 What Do You Think? Revisited 58 Coming Next 59 Additional Resource 59 Scenario-Based e-Learning and You: Translating Your Objectives 60 Chapter 5: Designing the Trigger Event and Case Data 63 What Do You Think? 64 Planning the Trigger Event 64 Defining Case Data 66 What Do You Think? Revisited 69 Coming Next 70 Scenario-Based e-Learning and You: Defining Your Trigger Event and Case Data 71 Chapter 6: Building Guidance in Scenario-based e-learning 73 What Do You Think 73 What Is Guidance? 75 Option 1: Fade Support from High to Low 77 Option 2: Move from Simple to Complex 79 Option 3: Consider Open vs. Closed Response Options 79 Option 4: Consider Interface/Navigation Design 80 Option 5: Add Training Wheels 81 Option 6: Incorporate Coaching and Advisors 82 Option 7: Embed Worksheets 83 Option 8: Adjust Feedback 84 Option 9: Make Learning Collaborative 85 What Do You Think? Revisited 85 Coming Next 86 Additional Resources 86 Scenario-Based e-Learning and You: Defining Guidance 87 Chapter 7: Putting the "L" in Scenario-based e-learning 89 What Do You Think? 89 Integrating Knowledge and Skill Resources 90 Tutorials 93 Reference 94 Examples 96 Instructors 97 What Do You Think? Revisited 98 Coming Next 99 Additional Resources 99 Scenario-Based e-Learning and You: Defining Instructional Resources 100 Chapter 8: Designing Feedback and Reflection 103 The Power of Feedback 103 Learning from Mistakes 104 Instructional vs. Intrinsic Feedback 104 What Do You Think? 105 Feedback in a Nutshell 106 Feedback and Reflection in Learning Domains 109 What Do You Think? Revisited 115 Coming Next 116 Additional Resources 116 Scenario-Based e-Learning and You: Defining Feedback 117 Chapter 9: Evaluation of Scenario-based e-Learning 119 What Do You Think? 122 Focusing Your Evaluation 122 Back to the Basics: Test Reliability and Validity 126 Test Items for Scenario-Based e-Learning 126 Did I Pass the Test? 128 Testing with Online Scenarios 131 What Do You Think? Revisited 132 Coming Next 133 Additional Resources 133 Scenario-Based e-Learning and You: Planning Your Evaluation 134 Chapter 10: Does Scenario-based e-learning Work? 137 Does It Work? 137 Is It Efficient? 138 Does It Motivate? 138 What Features Make a Difference? 138 What Do You Think? 139 Limits of Research 139 Discovery Learning Does Not Work 140 Guided Discovery Can Have Learning Advantages over "Traditional" Instruction 141 Learner Scaffolding Is Essential for Success 143 Guided Discovery Can Be More Motivating Than "Traditional" Instruction 149 Feedback and Reflection Promote Learning 149 Visual Representations Should Be Congruent with Your Learning Goals 150 Can Scenario-Based e-Learning Accelerate Expertise? 151 Research on Scenario-Based e-Learning--The Bottom Line 153 What Do You Think? Revisited 154 Coming Next 155 Additional Resources 155 Scenario-Based e-Learning and You: Evidence-Based Decisions 156 Chapter 11: Eliciting Critical Thinking Skills for Scenario-based e-learning 157 What Is Knowledge Elicitation? 158 What Do You Think? 158 Three Approaches to Knowledge Elicitation 158 Which Elicitation Method Should You Use? 162 Types of Knowledge and Skill to Elicit 164 Incorporating Critical Thinking Skills into Your Lessons 168 Guidelines for Success 171 What Do You Think? Revisited 172 Coming Next 172 Additional Resources 173 Scenario-Based e-Learning and You: Eliciting Tacit Knowledge 174 Chapter 12: Implementing Scenario-based e-learning 177 What Do you Think? 178 Four Steps to Project Success 178 Step One: Present a Strong Business Case 178 Step Two: Plan Your Project 184 Step Three: Design Your Approach 187 Step Four: Develop Your First Scenario 188 What Do You Think? Revisited 190 Coming Next: Your Scenario-Based e-Learning Project 191 Additional Resources 191 Scenario-Based e-Learning and You: Planning Your Implementation 192 Appendix A: An Introduction to the Scenario-Based e-Learning Examples 197 Appendix B: Repeated Figures 207 Appendix C: Reliability and Validity for Learning Measures for Scenario-Based e-Learning 215 List of Figures and Tables 221 Glossary 225 References 229 About the Author 233 Index 235.