PrefaceAbbreviationsCreditsPART ONE. COSMIC ORIGINS1. CREATIONS. Genesis 1-3The Book of GenesisGenesis 1 and the SabbathBox 1.1 Chapter and Verse: Box 1.2 Genesis and Science: Box 1.3 The Sabbath in Jewish and Christian Tradition: The Second Account of Creation (Gen 2.4b-3.
24)Box 1.4 Myth and the Bible: Box 1.5 The Garden of Eden: Box 1.6 "God" and "the Lord (God)": Retrospect and ProspectBox 1.7 Adam and Eve in Jewish and Christian Tradition: 2. THE FORMATION OF THE PENTATEUCHThe Traditional ViewThe Development of Modern InterpretationA Summary of the Documentary HypothesisChallenges to the Documentary HypothesisThe Formation of the PentateuchOther Strategies for Interpreting the PentateuchRetrospect and Prospect3. PRIMEVAL HISTORY. Genesis 4-11J (the Yahwist Source)Box 3.
1 Cain and Abel: Box 3.2 Noah''s Drunkenness: Box 3.3 The Sons of God: Box 3.4 The Tower of Babel: P (the Priestly Source)Box 3.5 The Table of Nations: Box 3.6 Enoch: The FloodRetrospect and ProspectPART TWO. NATIONAL ORIGINS4. THE PROMISED LAND: GEOGRAPHY, HISTORY, AND IDEOLOGYGeographyHistoryBox 4.
1 Timeline: IdeologyBox 4.2 The Land of Israel in Jewish and Christian Tradition: Retrospect and Prospect5. THE ANCESTORS OF ISRAEL. Genesis 12-50The Nature of the NarrativesSource CriticismBox 5.1 Abram and Abraham, Sarai and Sarah: Box 5.2 The Binding of Isaac: Form CriticismBox 5.3 Circumcision: Ancient Near Eastern ParallelsBox 5.4 The Ugaritic Texts: The Joseph NarrativeThe Ancestors of IsraelBox 5.
5 Abraham, Father of Believers: History and the Ancestors of IsraelThe Religion of the AncestorsRetrospect and Prospect6. ESCAPE FROM EGYPT. Exodus 1-15The Book of ExodusExodus 1-15Box 6.1 Hebrew and Hebrews: Box 6.2 Legends of Rescue: Box 6.3 The Divine Name Yahweh: Box 6.4 The Hardening of the Pharaoh''s Heart: Box 6.5 The Development of the Passover Celebration: The Exodus and HistoryThe Exodus and the History of ReligionsRetrospect and Prospect7.
FROM EGYPT TO SINAI. Exodus 16-24ItinerariesIncidents on the JourneyBox 7.1 Manna: At SinaiExcursus on CovenantBox 7.2 The Location of Sinai: Box 7.3 Excerpt from a Hittite Suzerainty Treaty: The Ten CommandmentsThe Ratification of the CovenantRetrospect and ProspectBox 7.4 The Status and Numbering of the Ten Commandments: 8. LAW AND RITUAL. Exodus 20.
22-23.33 and 25-40Law in the Ancient Near EastBox 8.1 Excerpt from the Code of Hammurapi: The Covenant Code (Ex 20.22-23.33)The Ark, the Tabernacle, and the Priestly Vestments and OrdinationBox 8.2 "An Eye for an Eye": The Golden CalfBox 8.3 Forty Days and Forty Nights: The Ritual DecalogueBox 8.4 An Ancient Hebrew Agricultural Calendar: SequelRetrospect and Prospect9.
RITUAL AND HOLINESS. LeviticusThe Book of LeviticusSacrifices (Lev 1-7)The Consecration Ceremonies and Their Aftermath (Lev 8-10)Purity and Impurity (Lev 11-15)The Day of AtonementThe Holiness CodeBox 9.1 Anointing: Box 9.2 Capital Punishment: Excursus on Women in Israelite Ritual and LawThe Ethics of LeviticusRetrospect and Prospect10. IN THE WILDERNESS. NumbersThe Book of NumbersPreparations for the JourneyLaw, Ritual, and PurityThe Chronology and Geography of the WanderingsRebellions in the WildernessBox 10.1 The Rebellions of the Israelites in Christian and Muslim Scriptures: Box 10.2 Miriam: Box 10.
3 The Amalekites: Opposition on the JourneyBox 10.4 Excerpt from the Deir Alla Texts: Preparations for the Entry into the LandRetrospect and Prospect11. THE END OF THE JOURNEY TO THE PROMISED LAND. DeuteronomyThe Book of DeuteronomyBox 11.1 The Shema: The Origins of DeuteronomyBox 11.2 Parallel Curses in the Treaties of Esarhaddon and in Deuteronomy: The Deuteronomic SchoolExcursus on the Character and Personality of MosesBox 11.3 The Meanings of "Torah": Retrospect and Prospect12. JOSHUA AND THE CONQUEST OF THE LAND OF CANAAN.
JoshuaThe Former ProphetsThe Deuteronomistic HistoryThe Book of JoshuaBox 12.1 Parallels between Deuteronomy 27 and Joshua 8: Box 12.2 Shechem in Biblical Tradition: Box 12.3 Circumcision a Second Time?: Retrospect and Prospect13. THE EMERGENCE OF ISRAEL IN THE LAND OF CANAAN. Judges and RuthThe Book of JudgesBox 13.1 The Moabites and the Ammonites: Box 13.2 The Song of Deborah: Box 13.
3 The Philistines: History and the Israelite ConfederationThe Book of RuthRetrospect and ProspectPART THREE. KINGS AND PROPHETS14. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE MONARCHY. 1 SamuelThe Book(s) of Samuel1 SamuelBox 14.1 Samuel in Other Traditions: Box 14.2 Positive Assessments of Saul: HistoryRetrospect and Prospect15. THE REIGN OF DAVID. 2 Samuel, 1 Kings 1-2, and Psalm 1322 SamuelBox 15.
1 David''s Compositions: Box 15.2 Jerusalem: Retrospect and ProspectBox 15.3 Psalm 132: 16. THE REIGN OF SOLOMON. 1 Kings 1-11 and Psalm 89The Books of Kings1 Kings 1-11Box 16.1 Solomon in Later Tradition: Box 16.2 The "Royal Psalms": Excursus: The Ideology of the Davidic MonarchyBox 16.3 The Psalms of Zion: Box 16.
4 The Royal Ideology in Later Traditions: Retrospect and Prospect17. THE DIVIDED KINGDOMS OF ISRAEL AND JUDAH FROM THE LATE TENTH TO THE EARLY EIGHTH CENTURIES BCE. 1 Kings 12-2 Kings 14HistoryBox 17.1 Chronology of Kings of Israel and Judah Late Tenth to Mid-Eighth Centuries BCE: Institutions and SocietyExcursus on ProphecyBox 17.2 Prophets in Later Traditions: The Legends of Elijah and ElishaBox 17.3 Elijah in Later Tradition: Retrospect and Prospect18. THE NORTHERN KINGDOM OF ISRAEL IN THE EIGHTH CENTURY BCE. 2 Kings 14-17, Amos, and HoseaHistoryBox 18.
1 Chronology of the Eighth Century BCE: Prophetic Books and "Classical" ProphecyAmosBox 18.2 The Day of the Lord: HoseaBox 18.3 Prophetic Attacks on Rituals: Box 18.4 Marriage in Ancient Israel: Box 18.5 God as Parent: Father or Mother?: Retrospect and Prospect19. THE KINGDOM OF JUDAH IN THE EIGHTH AND EARLY SEVENTH CENTURIES BCE. 2 Kings 15-20, 2 Chronicles 29-32, Isaiah 1-39, and MicahHistoryBox 19.1 Chronology of the Eighth and Seventh Centuries BCE: The Reign of HezekiahIsaiahBox 19.
2 Isaiah in Later Tradition: The Siege of Jerusalem in 734 BCEBox 19.3 The Identity of Immanuel: Box 19.4 Sennacherib''s Third Campaign (701 BCE) according to the Assyrian Annals: The Assyrian Invasion of Judah in 701 BCEBox 19.5 Hezekiah''s Tunnel: MicahBox 19.6 The King from Bethlehem: Retrospect and Prospect20. JUDAH IN THE SEVENTH CENTURY BCE: THE END OF ASSYRIAN DOMINATION. 2 Kings 21-23, 2 Chronicles 33-35, Zephaniah, Nahum, and the Prayer of ManassehHistoryBox 20.1 Chronology of the Seventh Century BCE: The Reign of ManassehBox 20.
2 Ashurbanipal''s Library: The Reign of JosiahThe Book of ZephaniahBox 20.3 Megiddo and Armageddon: The Book of NahumRetrospect and Prospect21. THE FALL OF JERUSALEM. 2 Kings 23.31-25.30, 2 Chronicles 36, Habakkuk, Jeremiah, and the Letter of JeremiahHistoryBox 21.1 Chronology of the Late Seventh and Early Sixth Centuries BCE: Box 21.2 Throne Names of Kings of Judah: The Book of HabakkukJeremiahBox 21.
3 Jeremiah in Postbiblical Tradition: Box 21.4 Parallels between Psalms and Jeremiah''s Confessions: Box 21.5 Jeremiah and the History of Bookmaking: Retrospect and ProspectPART FOUR. EXILE AND RETURN22. AFTER THE FALL: JEWS IN JUDAH AND BABYLON. Lamentations, Psalm 137, Obadiah, and EzekielHistoryThe Book of LamentationsBox 22.1 Acrostic Poems: The Jews in BabyloniaBox 22.2 Nebuchadrezzar''s Wonders: Psalm 137ObadiahEzekielBox 22.
3 Yahweh as Violent Spouse: Box 22.4 Leadership in the Restored Community: Box 22.5 Gog of Magog: Retrospect and Prospect23. RETURN FROM EXILE. Ezra 1-2 and Isaiah 34-35 and 40-55HistoryBox 23.1 Chronology of the Sixth Century BCE: The Priestly Source of the PentateuchThe Exilic Edition of the Deuteronomistic HistoryIsaiah 40-55Box 23.2 The Development of Monotheism: Box 23.3 Female Images of God: Retrospect and ProspectPART FIVE.
RECONSTRUCTION AND CONSOLIDATION24. THE EARLY RESTORATION. Ezra 3-6, 1 Esdras, Haggai, Zechariah 1-8, and Isaiah 56-66HistoryEzra 3-6Box 24.1 Aramaic: Box 24.2 The Books of Esdras: The Book of HaggaiZechariah 1-8Isaiah 56-66Retrospect and Prospect25. JUDAH IN THE FIFTH CENTURY BCE. Ezra 7-10, Nehemiah, Isaiah 24-27, Zechariah 9-14, Joel, Malachi, and 2 EsdrasHistoryBox 25.1 Chronology of the Late Sixth to the Late Fourth Centuries BCE: The Books of Ezra and NehemiahBox 25.
2 The Elephantine Papyri: Apocalyptic LiteratureThe "Isaiah Apocalypse" (Isa 24-27)Zechariah 9-14The Book of JoelThe Book of MalachiBox 25.3 Second Esdras: Retrospect and Prospect26. HISTORY REWRITTEN. 1-2 ChroniclesThe Books of ChroniclesBox 26.1 Samaria and the Samaritans: Box 26.2 Arrangement of the Genealogies of the Sons of Jacob (the Tribes of Israel): Box 26.3 Comparison of 2 Samuel 24.1-9 and 1 Chronicles 21.
1-7: Retrospect and Prospect27. THE CONSOLIDATION OF TRADITIONS. Psalms and ProverbsThe Book of PsalmsBox 27.1 Parallelism: Box 27.2 The Forms of the Psalms: Box 27.3 Form-critical Analysis of Psalm 3: Excursus on Music in Ancient IsraelWisdom LiteratureBox 27.4 Ahiqar and Proverbs: The Book of ProverbsRetrospect and ProspectPART SIX. CONTROVERSY AND CHALLENGE28.
DISSIDENTS AND LOVERS. Job, Ecclesiastes, and the Song of SolomonThe Book of JobBox 28.1 The Satan: Box 28.2 "I Know That My Redeemer Liveth": Box 28.3 Behemoth and Leviathan: Box 28.4 Job''s Wife and Daughters: Box 28.5 Job in Later Tradition: The Book of EcclesiastesExcursus on the Development of Beliefs in Life after Death in Ancient IsraelThe Song of SolomonRetrospect and Prospect29. ENCOUNTERS WITH THE GREEKS.
1-2 Maccabees, Baruch, Sirach, The Wisdom of Solomon, and 4 MaccabeesHistoryBox 29.1 Tables of Rulers: 1 MaccabeesBox 29.2 The Dead Sea Scrolls: Box 29.3 Hanukkah: 2 MaccabeesBaruchThe Wisdom of Jesus, Son of Sirach (also known as Ben Sira and Ecclesiasticus)Box 29.4 Different Views of Immortality in the Hebrew and Greek Texts of Ben Sira: The Wisdom of SolomonBox 29.5 Contrasts in the Divine Treatment of the Egyptians and the Israelites during the Exodus: Retrospect and ProspectBox 29.6 4 Maccabees: 30. HEROES UNDER FOREIGN RULER.