*=New to this EditionPreface: Abbreviations: Credits: PART ONE. INTRODUCTORY1. What is the Old Testament?The Jewish CanonBox 1.1 Chapter and Verse: Box 1.2 The Dead Sea Scrolls: The Christian Canons* The Study of the BibleBox 1.3 The Canons of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament: A Look Back and Ahead2. The Promised Land: Geography, History, and ImportanceGeographyHistoryBox 2.1 The Land of Israel in Jewish and Christian Tradition: A Look Back and AheadPART TWO.

COSMIC ORIGINS3. Creations (Genesis 1-3 )The Book of GenesisGenesis 1 and the SabbathBox 3.1 Genesis and Science: Box 3.2 The Sabbath in Jewish and Christian Traditions: Box 3.3 Myth and the Bible: The Second Account of CreationBox 3.4 The Garden of Eden: Box 3.5 "God" and "the LORD (God)": A Look Back and AheadBox 3.6 Adam and Eve in Later Traditions: 4.

The Formation of the PentateuchThe Traditional ViewThe Development of Modern InterpretationA Summary of the Documentary HypothesisBox 4.1 The Documentary Hypothesis at Work: The Formation of the PentateuchChallenges to the Documentary HypothesisOther Strategies for Interpreting the PentateuchA Look Back and Ahead5. Primeval History (Genesis 4-11)J (the Yahwist Source)Box 5.1 Cain and Abel: Box 5.2 Noah''s Drunkenness: Box 5.3 The Sons of God: P (the Priestly Source)Box 5.4 The Tower of Babel: Box 5.5 The Table of Nations: Box 5.

6 Enoch: The FloodA Look Back and AheadPART THREE. NATIONAL ORIGINS6. The Ancestors of Israel (Genesis 12-50)The Nature of the NarrativesSource CriticismBox 6.1 Abram and Abraham, Sarai and Sarah: Box 6.2 The Binding of Isaac: Form CriticismBox 6.3 Circumcision: Box 6.4 The Sin of Sodom: Ancient Near Eastern ParallelsThe Joseph NarrativeBox 6.5 The Ugaritic Texts: The Ancestors of IsraelBox 6.

6 Abraham, Father of Believers: History and the Ancestors of IsraelThe Religion of the AncestorsA Look Back and Ahead7. Escape from Egypt (Exodus 1-5)The Book of ExodusExodus 1-15Box 7.1 Hebrew and Hebrews: Box 7.2 Legends of Rescue: Box 7.3 The Meaning of the Divine Name Yahweh: Box 7.4 The Hardening of Pharaoh''s Heart: Box 7.5 The Development of the Passover Celebration: The Exodus and HistoryThe Exodus and the History of ReligionsA Look Back and Ahead8. From Egypt to Sinai (Exodus 16-20, 24)ItinerariesIncidents on the JourneyBox 8.

1 Manna: Box 8.2 The Location of Sinai: At SinaiCovenantBox 8.3 Excerpts from a Hittite Suzerainty Treaty: The Ten CommandmentsThe Ratification of the CovenantBox 8.4 The Status and Numbering of the Ten Commandments: A Look Back and Ahead9. Law and Ritual (Exodus 20.22-23.33 and 25-40)Law in the Ancient Near EastBox 9.1 Excerpt from the Code of Hammurapi: The Covenant CodeBox 9.

2 "An Eye for an Eye": The Ark, the Tabernacle, and the Priestly Vestments and OrdinationThe Golden CalfBox 9.3 "Forty Days and Forty Nights": The Ritual DecalogueBox 9.4 An Ancient Hebrew Agricultural Calendar: SequelA Look Back and Ahead10. Ritual and Holiness (Leviticus)The Book of LeviticusSacrifices (Lev 1-7)The Consecration Ceremonies and Their Aftermath (Lev 8-10)Purity and Impurity (Lev 11-15)The Day of Atonement (Lev 16)The Holiness Code (Lev 17-26)Box 10.1 Anointing* Box 10.2 Same-Sex Relationships: A Narrative Interlude: The Case of the Blasphemer (Lev 24.10-23)Women in Israelite Ritual and LawBox 10.3 Capital Punishment: The Ethics of LeviticusA Look Back and Ahead11.

In the Wilderness (Numbers)The Book of NumbersPreparations for the JourneyLaw, Ritual, and PurityThe Chronology and Geography of the WanderingsRebellions in the WildernessBox 11.1 The Rebellions of the Israelites in Christian and Muslim Scriptures: Box 11.2 Miriam: Box 11.3 The Amalekites: Opposition on the JourneyBox 11.4 Excerpt from the Deir Alla Texts: Preparations for the Entry into the LandA Look Back and Ahead12. The End of the Journey to the Promised Land (Deuteronomy)The Book of DeuteronomyBox 12.1 The Shema: The Origins of DeuteronomyThe Deuteronomic SchoolBox 12.2 Parallel Curses in the Treaties of Esar-haddon and in Deuteronomy: Moses in the PentateuchBox 12.

3 The Meanings of "Torah": A Look Back and Ahead13. Joshua and the Conquest of the Land of Canaan (Joshua)The Deuteronomistic HistoryThe Book of Joshua* The Moses-Joshua ConnectionBox 13.1 Parallels Between Deuteronomy 27 and Joshua 8: Box 13.2 Shechem in Biblical Tradition: Box 13.3 Circumcision a Second Time?: A Look Back and Ahead14. The Emergence of Israel in the Land of Canaan (Judges and Ruth)The Book of JudgesBox 14.1 The Judges of Israel in the Book of Judges: Box 14.2 The Moabites and the Ammonites: Box 14.

3 The Song of Deborah: Box 14.4 The Philistines: History and the Israelite Confederation* The Book of RuthA Look Back and AheadPART FOUR. KINGS AND PROPHETS15. The Establishment of the Monarchy (1 Samuel)The Book(s) of Samuel1 SamuelBox 15.1 Samuel in Other Traditions: Box 15.2 Positive Assessments of Saul: A Look Back and Ahead16. The Reign of David (2 Samuel, 1 Kings 1-2, and Psalm 132)2 SamuelBox 16.1 Jerusalem: Box 16.

2 David as Poet: A Look Back and AheadBox 16.3 Psalm 132: 17. The Reign of Solomon (1 Kings 1-11 and Psalm 89)The Book(s) of Kings1 Kings 1-11Box 17.1 Solomon in Later Tradition: Box 17.2 The Royal Psalms: The Ideology of the Davidic MonarchyBox 17.3 The Psalms of Zion: Box 17.4 The Royal Ideology in Later Traditions: A Look Back and Ahead18. The Divided Kingdoms of Israel and Judah from the Late Tenth to the Early Eighth Centuries BCE (1 Kings 12-2 Kings 14 with an Introduction to Prophecy)HistoryBox 18.

1 Chronology of the Late Tenth to the Mid-eighth Centuries BCE: Institutions and SocietyProphets and ProphecyBox 18.2 An Ancient Mesopotamian Prophecy: Box 18.3 Prophets in Later Traditions: The Legends of Elijah and ElishaBox 18.4 Elijah in Later Traditions: A Look Back and Ahead19. The Northern Kingdom of Israel in the Eighth Century BCE (2 Kings 14-17, Amos, and Hosea)HistoryBox 19.1 Chronology of the Eighth Century BCE: Prophetic BooksThe Book of AmosBox 19.2 The Day of the Lord: The Book of HoseaBox 19.3 Prophetic Attacks on Rituals: Box 19.

4 Marriage in Ancient Israel: A Look Back and Ahead20. The Kingdom of Judah in the Eighth and Early Seventh Centuries BCE (2 Kings 15-20, 2 Chronicles 29-32, Isaiah 1-39, and Micah)HistoryBox 20.1 Chronology of the Eighth and Seventh Centuries BCE: The Book of IsaiahBox 20.2 Isaiah in Later Traditions: The Siege of Jerusalem in 734 BCEBox 20.3 The Identification of Immanuel: The Assyrian Invasion of Judah in 701 BCEBox 20.4 Sennacherib''s Third Campaign (701 BCE) According to the Assyrian Annals: The Book of MicahBox 20.5 Hezekiah''s Tunnel: Box 20.6 The King From Bethlehem: A Look Back and Ahead21.

Judah in the Seventh Century BCE: The End of Assyrian Domination (2 Kings 21-23, 2 Chronicles 33-35, Zephaniah, Nahum, and the Prayer of Manasseh)HistoryBox 21.1 Chronology of the Seventh Century BCE: The Reign of ManassehBox 21.2 Ashurbanipal''s Library: The Reign of JosiahBox 21.3 Megiddo and Armageddon: The Book of ZephaniahThe Book of NahumA Look Back and Ahead22. The Fall of Jerusalem (2 Kings 23.31-25.30, 2 Chronicles 36, Habakkuk, Jeremiah, and the Letter ofJeremiah)HistoryBox 22.1 Chronology of the Late Seventh and Early Sixth Centuries BCE: Box 22.

2 Throne Names of Kings of Judah: The Book of HabakkukThe Book of JeremiahBox 22.3 Jeremiah and the Lost Ark: Box 22.4 Parallels Between Psalms and Jeremiah''s Confessions: Box 22.5 Jeremiah and the History of Bookmaking: A Look Back and AheadPART FIVE. EXILE AND RETURN23. After the Fall: Jews in Judah and Babylon (Lamentations, Psalm 137, Obadiah, and Ezekiel)HistoryThe Book of LamentationsBox 23.1 Acrostic Poems: The Judeans in BabyloniaBox 23.2 Nebuchadrezzar''s Wonders: Psalm 137The Book of ObadiahThe Book of EzekielBox 23.

3 Yahweh as a Violent Husband: Box 23.4 Leadership in the Restored Community: A Look Back and Ahead24. Return From Exile (Ezra 1-2 and Isaiah 34-35 and 40-55)HistoryBox 24.1 Chronology of the Sixth Century BCE: The Priestly Source of the PentateuchThe Exilic Edition of the Deuteronomistic HistoryIsaiah 40- 55Box 24.2 The Development of Monotheism: Box 24.3 Female Images of God: A Look Back and AheadPART SIX. RECONSTRUCTION, CONSOLIDATION, AND CHALLENGE25. The Early Restoration (Ezra 3-6, 1 Esdras, Haggai, Zechariah 1-8, and Isaiah 56-66)HistoryBox 25.

1 Chronology of the Late Sixth Century BCE: Ezra 3-6Box 25.2 Aramaic: Box 25.3 The Books of Esdras: The Book of HaggaiZechariah 1-8Isaiah 56-66A Look Back and Ahead26. Judah in the Fifth Century BCE (Ezra 7-10, Nehemiah, Isaiah 24-27, Zechariah 9-14, Joel, Malachi, and 2 Esdras)HistoryThe Book(s) of Ezra and NehemiahBox 26.1 Chronology of the Late Sixth to the Late Fourth Centuries BCE: Box 26.2 The Elephantine Papyri: Apocalyptic LiteratureThe "Isaiah Apocalypse" (Isa 24- 27)Zechariah 9-14The Book of JoelThe Book of MalachiBox 26.3 Second Esdras: A Look Back and Ahead27. Retelling the Story of David (1-2 Chronicles and Psalms)The Books of ChroniclesBox 27.

1 Samaria and the Samaritans: Box 27.2 The Arrangement of the Genealogies of the Sons of Jacob (The Tribes of Israel) in Chronicles: Box 27.3 Comparison of 2 Samuel 24.1-9 and 1 Chronicles 21.1-7: The Book of PsalmsBox 27.4 Parallelism: Box 27.5 The Forms of the Psalms: Box 27.6 Form-Critical Analysis of Psalm 3: Music in Ancient IsraelA Look Back and AheadPART SEVEN.

CONTROVERSY AND CHALLENGE28. The Wisdom of the Sages: Preservation and Challenge (Proverbs, Job, Ecclesiastes, and the Song of Solomon)Wisdom LiteratureBox 28.1 Ahigar and Proverbs: The Book of ProverbsBox 28.2 The Satan: Box 28.3 "I Know That My Redeemer Liveth": Box 28.4 Behemoth and Leviathan: Box 28.5 Job''s Wife and Daughters: Box 28.6 Job in Later Traditions: The Book of EcclesiastesThe Development of Beliefs in Life after Death in Ancient IsraelThe Song of SolomonA Look Back and Ahead29.

Encounters with the Greeks (1-2 Maccabees, Baruch, Sirach, the Wisdom of Solomon, and 4 Maccabees)HistoryBox 29.1 Rulers of Persia and Greece (Sixth to Fo.