1. The Caucasus: a region in conflict Historical and geographical settings and ethnolinguistic Divisions The Caucasus: a security complex? 2. The legacy of history: underlying factors in the Caucasian conflicts The Russian conquest of the Caucasus: the North Caucasus; The Soviet legacy: Leninist nationality policy and the structure of the Soviet Union The devaluation of autonomy: a cause of conflict and an impediment to resolution The fall of the Soviet Union and conflicting identities; A structural instability? The nature and roots of the Caucasian conflicts 3. The Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh; Early history and conflicting claims; The Soviet era and the suppression of the conflict: 1921-87; Perestroika and the re-emergence of the conflict: 1987-91; Full-scale war: 1992-94; The search for solutions 4. Georgia: from unitary dreams to an asymmetric federation? The historical background; The Georgian national revival; The re-emergence of Abkhazian separatism; Perestroika and the road to independence; The escalation of tension with the minorities Potential disturbances in Georgia; Peacekeeping 173 The search for solutions 5. Russia's war with Chechnya Prelude: deportation and return The revolution; The tragedy; International reaction and attitudes; Legal considerations: the decolonization aspect; The post-war era 6. Conflicts in the North Caucasus; The Ingush-Ossetian conflict; The Northwestern Caucasus; The Lezgin quest for unification; Dagestan: complexity par excellence 7. Turkey: priority to Azerbaijan Turkey: Azerbaijan's only ally? Turkey and Armenia: doomed to animosity? Georgia: from neglect to commitment; Chechnya and the North Caucasus: an ambiguous stance 8.

Iran: a reluctant neighbour 9. Russia: a retreating hegemonic power, The Russian foreign policy debate and foreign policy goals in the 'Near Abroad' Patterns of intervention 10. The United States: towards engagement; 1991-94: incoherence and 'Russia-First' policy The watershed: war in Chechnya; 1997 and after: strategic engagement of the Caspian region 11. The Caucasus in Eurasian geopolitics: from backwater to centre-stage? Caucasian strategic alignments in Eurasian geopolitics; Implications for conflict resolution, Conclusions.