Recent advances in neuroscience - the study of the mechanisms within the brain that underlie our behaviours and what happens when these go wrong - have been profound. However, benignly intended neurological research that seeks to understand dysfunction in the central nervous system (CNS) could be misused, for example in the development of novel CNS-acting chemical agent weapons for use in armed conflict and also in repression of civilian populations. This book follows a 3-step Holistic Arms Control approach: examining the (bio)chemical agents and relevant physiological systems they effect, as well as associated dual-use technologies that need to be regulated; analysing the full range of potentially applicable international law, international arms control, disarmament and other instruments, and attendant control regimes constraining misuse; and finally providing a comprehensive strategy to strengthen existing regulatory mechanisms as well as suggest new measures to prevent the misuse of the neurosciences and associated dual-use technologies without limiting the widespread health and other societal benefits that flow from their benign application. Suitable for biochemists and researchers in the areas of neuroscience, neurochemistry, and neuropharmacology, this book will also be of interest for those working in arms control, disarmament and related legal fields, as well as forensic medicine and toxicology.