In about 3000-1800 BC the territory of the nowadays Turkey has been ruled by several principalities and citystates, each of them dominated by a single Prince of Princes and having trade relations with powerful Mesopotamian peoples, like the Assyrians. The name of Anatolian or simply Anatolian peoples indicates in modern Archaeology a group of IndoEuropean peoples who, between the 3rd and 1st millennium BC, were settled in Anatolia. The presence in the region since the beginning of the 2nd millennium of such peoples is attested: the Palaici, the Hittites, the Luwians, the Lycians ans so far. It is not known exactly when the Anatolians arrived in Asia Minor, but documents attest to their indisputable presence in the region as early as the 20th century BC; it is believed that the differentiation between the various Anatolian branches has already occurred in Asia, starting from a common stock that has joined a single migratory movement in the area. The territory of Anatolian was partially unified only by the Hittites between the 16th and the 13th century B.C., to arrive at the end of the 2nd Millennium to the fall of this Empire, together with that of the great Powers of the Near East, and then the creation of new regional states like Phrygia and Urartu. A brief historical excursus of each of the mentioned cultures will help to understand the important role that the military played in the history of Central Anatolia and beyond during the 3rd-2nd millennium BC.