Preface xi Contributors xiii PART I: INTRODUCTION CHAPTER1 THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT: IMPORTANT ISSUES IN THE FIELD TODAY 3 William Damon and Richard M. Lerner Developmental Systems Theory 5 Context of Human Development 6 Diversity 8 Multidisciplinarity 8 Focus on Biological Development and Neuroscience 9 Diverse and Innovative Methodologies 10 Application 11 Positive Child and Adolescent Development 11 Conclusions 12 References 13 PART II: BIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS CHAPTER 2 NEURAL BASES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT 19 Charles A. Nelson III, Kathleen M. Thomas, and Michelle de Haan Why Developmental Psychologists Should Be Interested in Neuroscience 19 Brain Development 21 Neural Bases of Cognitive Development 26 Object Recognition 33 Executive Functions 38 Conclusions 43 References 44 CHAPTER 3 TEMPERAMENT 54 Mary K. Rothbart and John E. Bates Definition of Temperament 54 History of Temperament Research 55 Structure of Temperament 56 Neural Models of Temperament 58 Measurement of Temperament 59 Psychobiological Research Approaches 62 Temperament and Development 64 Temperament and the Development of Personality 69 Temperament and Adjustment 71 Conclusions 81 References 83 PART III: PARENTAL AND PEER RELATIONS CHAPTER 4 SOCIALIZATION IN THE FAMILY: ETHNIC AND ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES 95 Ross D. Parke and Raymond Buriel Contemporary Theoretical Approaches to Socialization in the Family 96 Family Systems Approach to Socialization 98 Determinants of Family Socialization Strategies 111 Social Change and Family Socialization 113 Children and Families of Color in the United States: Issues of Race, Ethnicity, and Culture 115 Remaining Issues and Future Trends 126 Conclusion 128 References 128 PART IV: PERSONALITY, SELF, AND SELF-CONCEPT CHAPTER5 PEER INTERACTIONS, RELATIONSHIPS, AND GROUPS 141 Kenneth H. Rubin, William M.

Bukowski, Jeffrey G. Parker, and Julie C. Bowker Orders of Complexity in Children''s Peer Experiences 141 Culture 144 Peer Interactions, Relationships, and Groups: A Developmental Perspective 145 Proximal Correlates and Distal Predictors of Children''s Peer Relationships 156 Social Cognitive Correlates of Peer Acceptance and Rejection 159 Childhood Peer Experiences and Later Adjustment 167 Conclusions 169 References 171 CHAPTER 6 PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT 181 Rebecca L. Shiner and Avshalom Caspi Developing Structure of Personality 182 Temperament and Personality Traits in Childhood and Adolescence: A Process-Focused, Developmental Taxonomy 186 Developmental Elaboration of Personality Traits 195 The Origins of Individual Differences in Personality 198 Personality Continuity and Change 200 Personality and the Life Course: How Early-Emerging Personality Differences Shape Developmental Pathways 204 Conclusions 208 References 209 CHAPTER 7 THE DEVELOPING SELF 216 Susan Harter Antecedents of the Self as a Cognitive and Social Construction 217 Developmental Differences in Self-Representations during Childhood 221 Stability versus Change in Self-Representations 250 Gender Differences in Global and Domain-Specific Self-Evaluations 251 Cross-Cultural Comparisons 252 Ethnic Differences in Our Own Culture 253 Conclusions 254 References 255 PART V: LANGUAGE AND THOUGHT CHAPTER 8 ACQUIRING LINGUISTIC CONSTRUCTIONS 263 Michael Tomasello Theory 264 Early Ontogeny 266 Later Ontogeny 279 Processes of Language Acquisition 288 Conclusions 292 References 292 CHAPTER 9 CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT 298 Susan A. Gelman and Charles W. Kalish Background and Overview 298 Conceptual Diversity 301 Concepts Embedded in Theories 307 Conclusions 313 References 315 CHAPTER 10 DEVELOPMENT IN THE ARTS: DRAWING AND MUSIC 322 Ellen Winner Drawing 323 Music 339 Conclusions 350 References 351 PART VI: EMOTION AND MOTIVATION CHAPTER 11 PRINCIPLES OF EMOTION AND EMOTIONAL COMPETENCE 361 Carolyn Saarni, Joseph J. Campos, Linda A. Camras, and David Witherington Conceptual Framework for Emotion 361 Development of Emotional Communication in Early Life 369 Emotional Development in Childhood and Adolescence: Social Effectiveness and Positive Adaptation 374 Emotional Competence 376 What Develops in Emotional Development? 397 References 397 CHAPTER 12 DEVELOPMENT OF ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION 406 Allan Wigfield, Jacquelynne S.

Eccles, Robert W. Roeser, and Ulrich Schiefele Current Theoretical Perspectives on Motivation 406 Motivation Development: Within-Person Change and Group Differences 413 Gender Differences in Motivation 420 Development of Group Differences in Motivation 421 Conclusions 424 References 425 PART VII: PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR,ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR, AND MORAL DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 13 AGGRESSION AND ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR IN YOUTH 437 Kenneth A. Dodge, John D. Coie, and Donald Lynam Dimensions of Aggression and Other Antisocial Behavior 437 Aggressive and Antisocial Development in the Human Species 438 Determinants of Individual Differences in Antisocial Behavior 440 Cognitive-Emotional Processes as Mediators 452 Treatment and Prevention of Antisocial Behavior 456 Conclusions 459 References 461 CHAPTER 14 THE DEVELOPMENT OF MORALITY 473 Elliot Turiel Setting the Stage 473 Issues, Emphases, and Theories 476 Emphasizing Emotions 477 Gender, Emotions, and Moral Judgments 481 Emphasizing Culture 484 Emphasizing Judgment and Reciprocal Social Interactions 488 Domain Specificity: Emphasizing Distinctions in Judgments 491 Culture and Context Revisited 499 Conclusions 507 References 508 PART VIII:ADOLESCENCE CHAPTER 15 THE SECOND DECADE:WHAT DEVELOPS (AND HOW)? 517 Deanna Kuhn and Sam Franklin What Develops? Abandoning the Simple Answer 517 Brain and Processing Growth 519 Deductive Inference 523 Inductive and Causal Inference 527 Learning and Knowledge Acquisition 531 Inquiry and Scientific Thinking 533 Argument 536 Understanding and Valuing Knowing 539 Conclusions 541 References 545 CHAPTER 16 ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT IN INTERPERSONAL CONTEXT 551 W. Andrew Collins and Laurence Steinberg Significant Interpersonal Relationships during Adolescence 552 Interpersonal Contexts and the Psychosocial Tasks of Adolescence 561 Conclusions 577 References 578 PART IX: DIVERSITY IN DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 17 CULTURAL AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN PHYLOGENETIC, HISTORICAL, AND ONTOGENETIC PERSPECTIVE 593 Michael Cole Definitional Issues: Culture, Cognitive Development, and Allied Concepts 594 Culture and Cognition: A Synthetic Framework 597 Ontogeny 617 Conclusions 635 References 639 CHAPTER 18 GENDER DEVELOPMENT 647 Sheri A. Berenbaum, Carol Lynn Martin, and Diane N. Ruble Development of Gender-Related Constructs and Content 648 Theoretical Analysis of Gender Development 662 Conclusions 680 References 681 CHAPTER 19 PHENOMENOLOGY AND ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS THEORY: DEVELOPMENT OF DIVERSE GROUPS 696 Margaret Beale Spencer Introduction of Theory and Foundational Assumptions 696 Framework Overview 700 PVEST Rationale and Need for New Theory 720 PVEST: An Identity-Focused Cultural-Ecological Perspective 726 Contemporary Experiences of Contemporary African American Males and Contributions of Critical Race Theory 729 Testing of the Phenomenological Variant of Ecological Systems Theory as a Dual Axis Coping Formulation 730 Conclusions 734 References 735 Author Index 741 Subject Index 769.