In modern conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere, the changing climate does not directly cause unrest or conflict but rather intersects with other vulnerabilities, all exacerbated by poor governance decisions. In that regard, the changing climate's threats to land and resources do not alone lead to greater levels of instability. Rather, the relationships between instability,resource management, and climate change throughout the Middle East are influenced by structures of power, individual governments' policies, and interstate negotiation (or, often, the lack thereof).Implementing and supporting policies that bolster the ability to address, mitigate, and adapt to climate change will foster opportunities for greater stability throughout the region.