Contents 1 The Prehistory of Rock & Roll 2 Section 1 What Were the First Influences of Rock & Roll? 4 Mongrel Genealogy: The Ancestors of Rock & Roll 4 A Sheet-Music Economy and a New Mass-Market 4 The "Golden Age" of Tin Pan Alley: 1920s and 1930s 5 Section 2 How Did New Technologies Influence Musical Styles? 6 Technological Breakthroughs Create a New Audience 6 Recording Takes Hold 6 Rock Places: Black Swan Records 6 Popular Music and the National Scene 7 Rock Technology: Electrical Recording 7 Section 3 What Musical Styles Prefigured Rock & Roll? 8 The Jazz Craze 8 The Swing Bands Get in the Mood 9 Major Swing Bands and Bandleaders 9 Flashpoints: Issues in Rock 9 Race Records and the Blues 10 Surprise Hits Find a Market 10 Country Blues 11 "Classic" Blues and the Smoother Sound 12 Section 4 How Did Crossover Hits Pave the Way for Rock & Roll? 13 Blues Goes Electric 13 Folk Begins with the Depression 13 Woody Guthrie 13 Top of the Charts: What''s Hot! August 11, 1945 13 Urban Folk: From Guthrie to Seeger 14 Classic Recordings: "Goodnight Irene," The Weavers (written by Lead Belly) 14 The Beginning of Country 15 The Carter Family 15 Hybrid Styles: Western Swing and Country-Lite 16 Bluegrass and Instrumental Proficiency 17 Rhythm & Blues 18 Rock People: Louis Jordan 18 Women and Rhythm & Blues 19 Post-war Crossovers Become Rock & Roll 19 2 The "Birth" of Rock & Roll (1951 1955) 23 Section 1 Where Did Rock & Roll Come From? 24 The History of the Term 24 The Evolution of Rock & Roll 25 1950s America: A Changing Country 25 A Changing Music 26 Rock Technology: The 45 26 Section 2 How Did Rock & Roll First Emerge in the United States? 27 The First Rock & Roll Records 27 "I''ve Got a Woman": Gospel Meets R&B 27 Classic Recordings: "I Got a Woman" 28 "Good Rockin'' Tonight": R&B Meets the Party Animal 28 "Rocket ''88": Rock & Roll Meets the Automobile 28 The First Rock & Roll Singers 29 The Fabulous Little Richard 29 Chuck Berry Plays, Sings, and Duck Walks 30 Rock Place: Sun Studio 31 Top of the Charts: What''s Hot! 1956 32 Elvis Aaron Presley 32 Flashpoints: Issues in Rock 34 Royalties and Rights 34 Jerry Lee Lewis 35 Carl Perkins 36 Classic Recordings: "That''s All Right"/"Blue Moon of Kentucky" 37 Section 3 How Was Rock & Roll Marketed? 37 Selling the Music 37 AM Radio 37 Alan Freed: Finding the Audience 37 DJ Dewey Phillips: Finding the Talent 38 Rock People: "Colonel" Tom Parker: Selling the Superstar 39 3 The Establishment Strikes Back (1954 1960) 43 Section 1 How Did Rock & Roll Divide the Generations? 44 Rock Gets Its First "Black Eye" 44 Blackboard Jungle 44 The Teenage National Anthem 45 Top of the Charts: Billboard Top 100, July 9, 1955 46 Section 2 What Effect Did Scandals Have on Rock? 46 Another "Black Eye" for Rock: ASCAP vs. BMI 46 The Payola Scandal 48 Alan Freed and Dick Clark 48 Flashpoint: Issues in Rock 48 The End of Payola 50 Section 3 In What Other Ways Was Rock Music Attacked in the 1950s? 51 Attack of the Musical Mainstream 51 The Plan of Attack 51 Classic Recordings: Let''s All Sing with the Chipmunks by Alvin and the Chipmunks 52 Rock & Roll and the Red Scare 52 Rock Places: Washington, D.C. 53 Section 4 What Nearly Killed Rock & Roll? 54 Domestication and the Near Death of Rock Music 54 Elvis Presley Meets Television 54 Classic Recordings: Elvis Presley by Elvis Presley 55 "Clean Teens" in Film 56 Rock''s Deathbed 56 Jerry Lee Lewis 56 Rock Technology: Jukebox 57 The Day the Music Died 57 Rock People: Buddy Holly 58 Rock on Hiatus 59 4 American Bandstand , Teen Idols, and Race Lines (1957 1961) 63 Section 1 How Did White Cover Artists "Hijack" Records by African American Artists? 64 Cover Versions 64 Hijacking Hits 64 Pat Boone 65 Bill Haley 65 Implications of White-Bread Pop 65 Flashpoints: Issues in Rock 66 Squeaky-Clean Teen Idols 66 American Bandstand 67 Rock People: Dick Clark 68 Section 2 What Was the Impact of Teen Idols? 69 Teen Idols 69 The Brill Building Bunch 69 Top of the Charts: Billboard Hot 100 1959 69 Musical Families 70 Section 3 What Were the Early Influences of Surf Music? 70 Surfing U.S.A. 70 Early Surf 71 Rock Technology: The Fender Stratocaster, Fender Amp, and Fender Reverb Unit 71 Section 4 How Did Motown Originate? 72 R&B Lives On 72 [huck Berry 72 Little Richard 72 Etta James 3 73 Classic Albums: At Last! by Etta James 73 Doo-wop 74 One-Hit Wonder Groups 74 Beginnings of Motown 75 The Sound of Young America 76 Rock Places: Detroit 76 The Supremes 77 The Temptations 77 The Four Tops 78 Martha and the Vandellas 79 The Jackson Five 79 5 Changin'' Times (1962 1966) 83 ] What Is Folk Music? 84 Folk''s Roots 84 Folk Crosses the Color Line 84 Folk Gets Political 85 Woody Guthrie 85 Pete Seeger 85 The Kingston Trio 86 Classic Recordings: Time to Think by the Kingston Trio 86 How Did the Spirit of the 1960s Change Folk Music? 87 The Folk Revival of the 1960s 87 Dylan Embraces Folk 87 Rock Places: Greenwich Village, New York City 88 Dylan and the Civil Rights Movement 88 Rock People: John Hammond 89 Joan Baez 89 Classic Recordings: I Ain''t Marching Anymore by Phil Ochs 90 The Lighter Side of Folk 91 Meanwhile, at the Beach 91 Top of the Charts: What''s Hot! September 4, 1965 91 Jan and Dean 92 The Beach Boys 92 Classic Recordings: Surfer Girl by the Beach Boys 93 Hot-Rod Music 93 Section 3 How Did Folk Music Influence Emerging Rock & Roll Genres? 94 Folk Collides with Rock 94 Flashpoints-Issues in Rock: Dylan Plugs In 94 Dylan and the Brits 95 The Byrds 95 The Turtles 96 Simon and Garfunkel 96 The Rise of the Singer-Songwriter 97 Rock Technology: The Harmonica Neck Rack 97 The Canadian Invasion 97 Rock Before the Invasion 99 6 The British Invasion (1964 1966) 103 Section 1 How Did British Bands Influence Rock in the 1960s? 104 The Skiffle Craze 104 Merseybeat 104 The Beatles and Beatlemania 105 Rock Places: Liverpool 105 Origins of the Beatles 106 Brian Epstein 106 Rock People: George Martin 107 The Road to America 107 Top of the Charts: Billboard Hot 100 April 4, 1964 108 British Invasion Bands of the First Wave 109 The Rolling Stones 109 Classic Albums: Rubber Soul by the Beatles, Aftermath by the Rolling Stones 111 The Kinks 112 The Who 112 Rock Technology: The Stereo LP 113 The Animals 114 Herman''s Hermits 114 The Zombies 115 The Yardbirds 115 Individual Performers 116 Petula Clark 116 Dusty Springfield 116 Donovan 117 Section 2 What Was the American Reaction to the British Invasion? 118 The Colonies Fight Back! 118 Flashpoints: Issues in Rock 118 Gary Lewis and the Playboys 118 Paul Revere and the Raiders 119 The Monkees 119 Section 3 What Ended the British Invasion? 119 7 The Summer of Love and Psychedelic Rock (1967 1969) 123 Section 1 How Did the Hippie Movement Influence Rock Music in the Late 1960s? 124 Rock''s Alliance with the Counterculture 124 Hippie Opposition to the Vietnam War 124 [Section 2] What Patterns Emerge when Comparing the Leading Bands of the 1960s? 125 The Grateful Dead 125 The Grateful Dead Live 125 Jefferson Airplane 126 Rock Places: San Francisco 126 Moby Grape 127 Janis Joplin 127 Jimi Hendrix 128 The Doors 129 Classic Albums: The Doors by the Doors 129 Love 130 Frank Zappa 130 Rock People: Bill Graham 131 13th Floor Elevators 131 Pink Floyd 132 <.