This book is directly based on the results of extensive research and consists of three chapters. The first is devoted to the description of the general mathematical methods of calculation of various nuclear characteristics. It defines the general criteria and methods of creation of intercluster potentials in a continuous and discrete spectrum. The second chapter discusses phase shift analysis of the elastic scattering of the nuclear particles 44, n3He, 6Li, p12C, n12C, 13, 14, n16O, p16O and 412C at low and astrophysical energies. The third part of the text investigates three-body single-channel models of some light nuclear nuclei, namely 7Li, 9Be and 11B.