ABOUT THE AUTHOR ACKNOWLEDGMENTS PREFACE Part 1: The Language of Visual Experience 1 THE NATURE OF ART AND CREATIVITY What Is Art? Purposes and Functions of Art Biography: Jazz, Memory, and Metaphor: Romare Bearden Creativity Art in the World: Early Encounters with the Artist Within Untrained Artists 2 VISUAL COMMUNICATION Looking and Seeing The Visual Toolbox Line Shape Mass Space Time and Motion Light Color Art and Reality Seeing and Responding to Form Biography: A Personal Vision: Georgia O''Keeffe Iconography 3 HOW AN ART WORK IS BUILT Unity and Variety Balance Emphasis and Subordination Directional Forces Contrast Repetition and Rhythm Scale and Proportion Design Summary Biography: Expression Is Foremost: Henri Matisse Part 2: The Media of Art 4 DRAWING Biography: A Life''s Work in Ten Years: Vincent van Gogh 106 Purposes of Drawing Tools and Techniques Graphic Novels / Comics Contemporary Approaches 5 PAINTING Ingredients and Surfaces Watercolor Tempera and Encaustic Oil Acrylic Fresco Art in the World:The Great Wall of Los Angeles 6 PRINTMAKING Relief Intaglio Lithography Stencil Current Directions 7 PHOTOGRAPHY A Tool and an Art Form Biography: "A Photographer at My Very Core:" Margaret Bourke-White Pushing the Limits The Digital Revolution 8 MOVING IMAGES: FILM AND DIGITAL ARTS Film: The Moving Image Television and Video Digital Art Forms 9 GRAPHIC DESIGN Design Disciplines Graphic Design Biography: Design Between the Eyes: Chaz Maviyane-Davies Interactive Design Motion Graphics Product Design 10 SCULPTURE Freestanding and Relief Sculpture Methods and Materials Kinetic Sculpture Mixed Media Installations and Site-Specific Art 11 FLIRTING WITH FUNCTION Clay At the Edge of Art: Boolean Valley Glass Metal Wood Fiber Biography: Stitched into History: Faith Ringgold 12 ARCHITECTURE An Art and a Science Styles, Materials, and Methods Biography: Deconstructing a Building: Zaha Hadid Designing with Nature Biography: Radical Innovator: Frank Lloyd Wright 13 EVALUATING ART Evaluation Art Criticism What Makes it Great? Art in the World:What to Do in a Museum Part 3: Art as Cultural Heritage 14 FROM THE EARLIEST ART TO THE BRONZE AGE The Paleolithic Period At the Edge of Art:Stones from Blombos The Neolithic Period The Beginnings of Civilization Mesopotamia Egypt 15 THE CLASSICAL AND MEDIEVAL WEST Greece Art in the World:The Battle of the Parthenon Rome Early Christian and Byzantine Art The Middle Ages in Europe 16 RENAISSANCE AND BAROQUE EUROPE The Renaissance Biography: Temperamental Genius: Michelangelo Buonarroti Baroque Art in the World:Engendering It 17 TRADITIONAL ARTS OF ASIA India Southeast Asia China Japan 18 THE ISLAMIC WORLD Arab Lands Spain Persia India: The Mughal Empire 19 AFRICA, OCEANIA, AND THE AMERICAS Africa Oceania and Australia At the Edge of Art:New Ireland Mask Native North America Biography: Warrior, Captive, and Artist: Howling Wolf Pre-Columbian Central and South America Part 4: The Modern World 20 LATE EIGHTEENTH AND NINETEENTH CENTURIES Neoclassicism Romanticism Photography Realism Biography: Flouting Social Conventions: Rosa Bonheur Impressionism Biography: Guided by Light: Claude Monet The Post-Impressionist Period Biography: Struggling Idealist: Paul Gauguin 21 EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY The Fauves and Expressionism Cubism Biography: Restless Creativity: Pablo Picasso Toward Abstract Sculpture The Modern Spirit in America Futurism and the Celebration of Motion 22 BETWEEN WORLD WARS Dada Surrealism Expanding on Cubism Building a New Society Political Protest Latin American Modernism American Regionalism Biography: Compelling Autobiographer: Frida Kahlo African-American Modernists Organic Abstraction 23 POSTWAR MODERN MOVEMENTS IN THE WEST The New York School Photography and Architecture at Mid-Century Assemblage Events and Happenings At the Edge of Art:Sensorial Masks Pop Art Biography: The Pope of Pop: Andy Warhol Minimal Art Conceptual Art Site Works and Earthworks Installations and Environments Early Feminism Performance Art Art in the World:Censoring It 24 MODERN ART BEYOND THE WEST Japan At the Edge of Art:Passing Through China India Islamic Lands Africa Part 5: The Postmodern World 25 POSTMODERNITY AND GLOBAL ART Postmodern Architecture Painting Photography Sculpture Public Art Issue-Oriented Art Street Art At the Edge of Art The Global Present TIMELINE GLOSSARY PRONUNCIATION GUIDE NOTES INDEX.