Preface Acknowledgements List of Illustrations and Tables List of Abbreviations Introduction: Rethinking Relocation in Apartheid South Africa Part 1: Regimes of Relocation 1Apartheid, the Bantustans and the End of Empire 1Peace, Population and Colonial Development, c.1920-1945 2The 'late colonial' Apartheid State 3Cold War in Southern Africa: Villagisation and Counter-insurgency 2Regimes of Relocation in the Ciskei 1The Cape as Apartheid Test Case 2The Relocation Regime 3Villagisation and Repression 4Decolonisation, Repatriation and Resettlement 5The Expansion of Sada and Ilinge 6White Farmers and Relocation Part 2: Repertoires of Relocation 3Dislocation and Disrupted Livelihoods: Removals, Evictions and Banishments 1The Coercive Relocation Regime 2The Biopolitics of Neglect 3Displacement and Marginal Livelihoods 4Farm Evictions: Enclosure and Dispossession 5Urban Removals: Dislocation and Deprivation 6Political Banishment: Surveillance and Isolation 7'We were starving. And we survived': Gender, Domesticity and Displacement 4Farm Dwellers and Relocation: Gender, Generation and Agrarian Change 1Farm Labour and Agrarian Change 2Gender, Generation and Changing Men 3Changing Livelihoods and the Transformation of Aspirations 4Migration, Male Breadwinners and Masculinity 5Gender, Autonomy and Impoverishment: The Paradoxical Impacts of Relocation Part 3 Place, Space and Power 5'We Came from Different Places': Displacement and Place-Making 1Forced Removals and 'communities of memory' 2The Emergence of Underground Networks in Sada and Ilinge 3Churches, Spirituality and Sociability 4Poverty, Survival and Reciprocity 6Relocation and the State: Relations of Rule 1Territoriality and the Gendered Disciplinary Project of the BAD, c. 1963-71 2Ethnic Politics, Clientelism and Coercion under Ciskei, c.1971-80 Conclusion Bibliography Index.