Acknowledgments A Note on the Transliteration of Indian Words and on the Translation from Czech Introduction How Do Europeans Approach the Otherness of Indian Traditions? Paradigms and Theories in the Study of Indian Culture The Problematic Concept of Religion The Research Questions and Steps Europeans' Search for Religion in India The Czech Understanding of Indian Traditions Definition Problems in "Endless" Discussions about Hinduism Was Buddhism a Protest against the Brahminical Orthodoxy and the Castes? Intermezzo: Language Usage, Theories, and Metastructure of Ideas Orientalists Continue with Theological Questions Theories and Observations Search for the "Primitive" Monotheism in India and Its Consequences Religion, Historiography, and Indian Past The Legacy of Christian Thought in Historiography History of India Written by Europeans The Truth of History Versus the Truth of Stories Changing Interpretations of the Aryans What Did Archaeology Prove? Physical Anthropology and the Racial Theory From the "Brahminical Invasion" to the Aryans Did Ram Mohan Roy Understand Western Religion? Problems in the Debate about Roy's Ideas of Religion Western Monotheistic Framework Accepted . but not Understood: "Good Idolatry" and "Evil in the Name of God" The Traditional Indian Framework of Roy's Thoughts Conclusions Bibliography Index.