PROLOGUE: THE PAST IN THE PRESENT Archaeology: The Study of the Human Past The Context of Antiquity Shadow of the Past CHAPTER 1. HOW I SPENT MY SUMMER VACATION: FINDING, EXCAVATING, AND INTERPRETING THE WOOD LILY SITE IN NORTH-CENTRAL CONNECTICUT A Biography of Archaeology (Chapter 2) What Archaeologists Want to Know (Chapter 3) Doing Archaeology: Practical Considerations (Chapter 4) A Community''s Shadow: The Archaeological Site (Chapter 5) Searching for the Past: Archaeological Site Survey (Chapter 6) Revealing the Past: The Archaeological Excavation (Chapter 7) Linked Slide Show Interpreting the Past: Gauging the Age of an Archaeological Site (Chapter 8) Interpreting the Past: The Environmental Contexts of Antiquity (Chapter 9) Technology: How People Made Things (Chapter 10) Putting Food on the Table: Reconstructing Ancient Diets (Chapter 11) Families, Neighbors,and Strangers: Reconstructing Ancient Social Systems (Chapter 12) Conversing with the Dead: Bioarchaeology (Chapter 13) Wood Lily: Archaeological Portrait of a Life (Chapter 14) CHAPTER 2. A BIOGRAPHY OF ARCHAEOLOGY What Is Archaeology? What Do We Mean by the Term Culture? Is Archaeology a Science? How Did Archaeology Get Started in the First Place? Why Is Archaeology in the Anthropology Department? Linked Interactive Exercise How Do You Get to Be an Archaeologist? Who Owns the Past? What Kinds of People Go into Archaeology? CHAPTER 3. WHAT ARCHAEOLOGISTS WANT TO KNOW What Kinds of Research Goals Do Archaeologists Have? Linked Interactive Exercise What Is It That Archaeologists Want to Find Out? Is Garbage Really All That Informative on the Subject of Human Behavior? CHAPTER 4. DOING ARCHAEOLOGY: PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS What Determines Where an Archaeologist Investigates in the First Place? How Is Archaeological Research Funded, and Why? What Laws Regulate Where Archaeologists Can Dig? What Are the Ethical Obligations of Archaeologists? Linked Interactive Exercise Who Gets to Dig at an Archaeological Site? Is Archaeology Really a Dangerous Pursuit? CHAPTER 5. A COMMUNITY''S SHADOW: THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE What Is an "Archaeological Site" and How Do You Know When You''ve Found One? Linked Slide Show What Kinds of Stuff Do Archaeologists Find at Sites? How Are Archaeological Sites Made? Why Do Archaeologists Need to Dig; Why Are Most Sites Buried? How Are Archaeological Sites Altered Once Buried? CHAPTER 6. SEARCHING FOR THE PAST: ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE SURVEY How Do Archaeologists Know Where to Look for Sites? Linked Interactive Exercise How Can GIS Help Identify Places Where Sites Are Likely to Be Found? What Are the Mechanics of Looking for and Finding Sites? Linked Slide Show What Forms the Basis of an Archaeological "Sampling Strategy"? How Can You Find Archaeological Sites Just by Walking Around? How Deep Do You Have to Dig to Find Archaeological Material? How Can Archaeologists Probe the Subsurface Without Digging Holes? CHAPTER 7. REVEALING THE PAST: THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATION How Is Archaeological Research Like Detective Work? How Do You Measure and Record the Precise Location of a Site? How Are Archaeological Sites Named? How Do Archaeologists Excavate Sites? Linked Slide Show Why Are Archaeologists So Painstaking and Slow in Excavation? What Tools Do Archaeologists Use to Expose and Recover Artifacts? What Is an Excavation Unit and How Is It Labeled? How Do Archaeologists Keep Track of Where Stuff Is Found at Sites? Why Do Archaeologists Save All the Tiny Scraps of Stone, Bone, and Other Stuff? How Can You Determine the Size of an Ancient Habitation? What Preliminary Work Goes into an Archaeology Laboratory? CHAPTER 8.

INTERPRETING THE PAST: GAUGING THE AGE OF AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE How Old Does Something Have to Be in Order to Be Considered "Archaeological" in the First Place? How Do Archaeologists Know How Old Artifacts and Sites Are? What Are Relative Dating Techniques? How Can You Date Sites by Stratigraphic Analysis? How Can You Determine a Relative Date for a Site by Reference to Artifact Style? What Are Chronometric or Absolute Dating Methods? How Does Dendrochronology Work? What Are the Most Commonly Used Radiometric Dating Methods Relied on by Archaeologists? Linked Interactive Exercise How Can the Shifting Location Of Magnetic North Be Used to Date Sites? How Can You Determine an Absolute Date for a Site by Reference to Style? CHAPTER 9. INTERPRETING THE PAST: THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXTS OF ANTIQUITY Why Do Archaeologists Want to Know About Ancient Environments? Does the Environment Cause Certain Adaptations? How Do Archaeologists Reconstruct the Environment? How Can Little Creatures Called Foraminifera Tell Us About Climate Change? What''s Pollen Good For, Besides Making Us Sneeze? What Is a Pollen Profile? Linked Slide Show How Can You Identify Tree Species from Bits of Burned Wood? CHAPTER 10. TECHNOLOGY: HOW PEOPLE MADE THINGS How Do Archaeologists Figure Out How Ancient People Made Things? Linked Slide Show How Did Ancient People Make Stone Tools? What Are the Characteristics That Make a Rock Type Attractive to Stone Tool Makers? Why Is Pottery of Such Great Importance to Archaeologists? How Do You Make A Pot? How Can You Determine the Source of a Raw Material Used by Ancient People? How Do Archaeologists Figure Out the Function of an Ancient Tool? Linked Interactive Exercise How Do Archaeologists Examine Tools Made of Raw Materials Other Than Stone or Clay? How Do Archaeologists Investigate the Technology of Monumental Construction? CHAPTER 11. PUTTING FOOD ON THE TABLE: RECONSTRUCTING ANCIENT DIETS Why Do Archaeologists Want to Know What Foods Were Eaten by Ancient People? How Do Archaeologists Know What Foods Ancient People Ate? How Do Archaeologists Identify the Source of Fragmentary Organic Remains Found at Archaeological Sites? How Can You Tell What Kind of Animal Was Killed or Butchered with an Ancient Stone Tool? How Can You Tell What Kinds of Plants Were Collected or Processed with an Ancient Stone Tool? How Can You Determine the Importance of an Animal Species in a People''s Diet? Can Human Waste Be Used to Help Reconstruct Diet? How Does Skeletal Chemistry Help Us Reconstruct an Ancient Diet? How Can the Season of a Settlement''s Occupation Be Determined? Linked Interactive Exercise CHAPTER 12. FAMILIES, NEIGHBORS, AND STRANGERS: RECONSTRUCTING ANCIENT SOCIAL SYSTEMS Can Archaeologists Figure Out the Social Relationships of Past People? Linked Exercise Can Archaeologists Figure Out the Roles of Males and Females in Ancient Societies? How Does an Archaeologist Approach Issues of Economic, Social, and Political Inequality in an Ancient Society? How Is Ethnicity Reflected in the Archaeological Record? Can Archaeologists Reconstruct Ancient Religious Practices? How Are Rituals Preserved in the Archaeological Record? How Do Archaeologists Trace the Movement of People and Ideas Across a Social Landscape? How Can Archaeologists Reveal Ways of Life of People Whose Reality Was So Different from Our Own? CHAPTER 13. CONVERSING WITH THE DEAD: BIOARCHAEOLOGY Why Are Archaeologists Interested in Human Bones? Why Is the Excavation of Human Skeletons a Contentious Issue? How Can You Determine the Sex of a Person from His or Her Skeleton? How Can You Determine the Age of a Person from His or Her Skeleton? Linked Interactive Exercises (2) How Can You Determine the Health of a Person from His or Her Skeleton? How Can You Determine the Ethnic Identity of a Person from His or Her Skeleton? How Can You Determine the Geographic Location of Where Someone Was Born and Grew Up? CHAPTER 14. WOOD LILY: ARCHAEOLOGICAL PORTRAIT OF A LIFE The Environment of Wood Lily The Wood Lily Larder: Food for Thought Making Tools at Wood Lily Linked Slide Show Wood Lily Lives EPILOGUE: CAN WE CONSTRUCT THE PAST Glossary Bibliography Index.