Preface xi IEEE Press Offshore Wind Energy Collection xv About the Series Editor xvi About the Authors xvii 1 Inverter-based Resource Power Plant Control and AC Delivery 1 1.1 Inverter-based Resource Grid Integration Circuit Topology 1 1.2 Inverter-level Control Logic 2 1.2.1 Inner Current Control 4 1.2.2 Synchronizing Units: Grid-following Versus Grid-forming 7 1.2.
3 Outer Control Functions 10 1.3 Power Plant-level Control Logic 13 1.4 Study Methods: Analysis and Electromagnetic Transient Simulation 15 1.5 Summary 15 References 15 2 Operational Challenges and Root Cause Analysis 17 2.1 PLL Loss of Synchronism 17 2.1.1 Analysis of Phase Angle Jump 21 2.1.
2 EMT Simulation Results 23 2.1.3 Mitigation Strategy 25 2.2 Voltage Oscillations Below 10 Hz 26 2.2.1 Voltage-Reactive Power Feedback System 27 2.2.2 The Role of Real Power 31 2.
2.3 Inclusion of PLL Dynamics 40 2.2.4 Interactions of DC-link Voltage Control, PLL, and AC Voltage Control 42 2.3 Oscillations Above 10 Hz 51 2.3.1 Complex Grid Impedance 56 2.3.
2 Analysis 58 2.4 Oscillatory Versus Monotonic Dynamics: Another Perspective 63 2.4.1 The Simplified System Model 64 2.4.2 Open-loop Analysis Via MIMO System Decomposition 67 2.4.3 EMT Testbed and Simulation Results 75 2.
4.4 Concluding Remarks 80 2.5 Countermeasures 81 2.5.1 Plant-level Control 81 2.5.2 Inverter-level Voltage Stability Enhancement 82 References 88 3 Grid-forming Control 91 3.1 Why Grid-forming Control? 91 3.
1.1 Grid Codes 91 3.1.2 Benefits of GFM 92 3.2 Multi-loop GFM Control: Virtual Admittance 95 3.2.1 Strong Grid Fault Ride-through Tests 98 3.2.
2 Weak Grid Fault Ride-through Tests 100 3.3 Multi-loop GFM Control: Vector Control 101 3.3.1 Strong Grid Fault Ride-through Tests 103 3.3.2 Weak Grid Fault Ride-through Tests 105 3.4 Single-loop Control 107 3.4.
1 Strong Grid Fault Ride-through Tests 109 3.4.2 Weak Grid Fault Ride-through Tests 109 3.5 Summary 110 References 114 4 Interactions of Inverter-based Resources with Series or Shunt Compensation 115 4.1 Introduction 115 4.2 Sources and Grid Characteristics 116 4.2.1 Series-compensated Circuits Powered by Different Sources 116 4.
2.2 Shunt-compensated Circuits Powered by Different Sources 119 4.3 Interactions of GFL-IBR and Series or Shunt Compensation 122 4.3.1 Influence of Series or Shunt Compensation on Grid Impedance 122 4.3.2 Feedback Systems and Stability Analysis 126 4.3.
3 Remarks 128 4.4 Interactions of GFM-IBR and Series Compensation 130 4.4.1 EMT Studies 130 4.4.2 Analysis 132 4.4.3 Remarks 136 References 136 5 Fault Behavior of Inverter-based Resource-penetrated Power Grids 139 5.
1 Sequence Network Interconnections 140 5.2 IBR's Representation in Circuits 140 5.3 Single-phase Open-circuit Faults 142 5.3.1 EMT Testbeds and Simulation Results 143 5.3.2 Analysis 144 5.3.
3 Remarks 148 5.4 Unbalanced Ground Faults 148 5.4.1 Interconnected Sequence Network 151 5.4.2 EMT Simulation Results 153 5.4.3 Fault Behavior of a GFM-IBR System 153 5.
4.4 Remarks 155 References 155 Index 157.