Introduction Organization Military Reforms Rationlization of the empire's defense Military inspections A new cavalry elite Cavalry Early Sasanian cavalry (c. 224 - late 200s/early 300s CE) Cavalry development in the early 300s - c. 490s CE Late Sasanian cavalry (c. 490s/early 500s - 651 CE) Infantry Paygan Hoplites, Murmillos or Paygan? Deylamites Archery Foot archers Archery equipment Other missile systems Horse Archery Elephant Corps Auxiliary Forces Central Asia The Caucasus The Iranian realms Slingers Foot javeliners Arab auxiliaries and the Nasrids Other Miscellaneous units Overview of Siege Warfare Conclusion Appendix Select passages from sources Bibliography Figures.