Challenging the assumptionthat modernist writer Gertrude Stein seldom integrated her Jewish identity andheritage into her work, this book uncovers Stein's constant and varied writingabout Jewish topics throughout her career. Amy Feinstein argues that Judaismwas central to Stein's ideas about modernity, showing how Stein connects themodernist era to the Jewish experience. Combing through Stein's scholastic writings, draftingnotebooks, and literary works, Feinstein analyzes references to Judaism thathave puzzled scholars. She reveals the never-before-discussed influence ofMatthew Arnold as well as a hidden Jewish framework in Stein's epic novel The Making of Americans. In Stein'sexperimental "voices" poems,Feinstein identifies an explicitly Jewish vocabulary that expresses themes ofmarriage, nationalism, and Zionism. She also shows how Wars I Have Seen , written in Vichy France during World War II,compares the experience of wartime occupation with the historic persecution ofJews. Affirmingthe importance of Jewish identity and modernist style to Gertrude Stein'slegacy as a writer, this book radically changes the way we read and appreciateStein's work.