About the AuthorAcknowledgmentsTo Professors Using This Book Digital ResourcesGeneral Introduction Why a "Critical" Introduction? Themes of the Book Trump The Structure of This Book A Comment About TerminologySECTION I * CRIMECHAPTER 1 * Defining, Classifying, and Measuring Crime Defining Crime Classifying Crime Measuring Crime Chapter Summary Review/Discussion Questions Key TermsCHAPTER 2 * Criminal Law The Rule of Law The "Ingredients" (Elements) of Crime Defenses Chapter Summary Review/Discussion Questions Exercise: Actus Reus and Mens Reas Key TermsCHAPTER 3 * Criminology Religious Approaches to Crime Classical Criminology Biological Criminology Psychological Criminology Sociological Criminology Chapter Summary Review/Discussion Questions Key TermsCHAPTER 4 * Crime and Inequality Economic Inequality and Crime Racial Inequality and Crime Gender Inequality and Crime Intersectionality Green Criminology, Queer Criminology, and Postmodernism Chapter Summary Review/Discussion Questions Key TermsSECTION II * POLICING The Police and American Government Policing as a Verb Versus Police as a Noun Active Versus Passive Policing Formal Versus Informal Policing Policing From a Critical PerspectiveCHAPTER 5 * The History of Policing The Rise of the London Metropolitan Police Policing in America: The Early Years The Era of Cronyism and Patronage Professionalization Federal Policing Troubles of the 1960s and 1970s The Drug War Community Policing and Broken Windows The Homeland Security Era After Homeland Security? Chapter Summary Review/Discussion Questions Key TermsCHAPTER 6 * Modern Policing The Organization of Policing The Use of Force The Constitution and the Police: The Fourth Amendment Police Discretion Civil Forfeiture Chapter Summary Review/Discussion Questions Key TermsCHAPTER 7 * Police Deviance Police Deviance in Context Overenthusiastic Policing Corruption The Causes of Police Deviance Handling Police Deviance Chapter Summary Review/Discussion Questions Key TermsSECTION III * COURTS AND TRIALSCHAPTER 8 * Courts Adversarial Justice Plea Bargains and the Courtroom Workgroup Other Courtroom Staff Chapter Summary Review/Discussion Questions Key TermsCHAPTER 9 * Criminal Trials Pretrial The Trial Presenting Evidence Objections Other Motions at Trial Jury Instructions, Deliberation, and Verdict Appeals and Appellate Courts Appellate Court Systems The Supreme Court The Politics of Appellate Jurisprudence Theories of Constitutional Interpretation Chapter Summary Review/Discussion Questions Key TermsSECTION IV * CORRECTIONS AND SPECIAL TOPICSCHAPTER 10 * The History of Punishment Premodern Forms of Punishment The Rise of the Prison Prison Labor and Indeterminate Sentencing Rehabilitation Mass Incarceration The Prison-Industrial Complex After Incarceration? Chapter Summary Review/Discussion Questions Key TermsCHAPTER 11 * Prison Life Going to Prison The Prison Population Types of Prisons Life in Prison, the Inmate Code Women in Prison Prisoner Rights Chapter Summary Review/Discussion Questions Key TermsCHAPTER 12 * Alternatives to Prison The Collateral Effects of Incarceration Community Corrections Sex Offenders Alternative Incarcerations Restorative Justice Chapter Summary Review/Discussion Questions Key TermsCHAPTER 13 * The Death Penalty The History of the Death Penalty The Death Penalty and the Constitution Other Developments in the Death Penalty Chapter Summary Review/Discussion Questions Key TermsCHAPTER 14 * Juvenile Justice The History of Childhood Crime Juvenile Justice Juvenile Corrections Special Cases Chapter Summary Review/Discussion Questions Key TermsGlossaryReferencesIndex.